Title 22. GENE STRUCTURE.pdf ✅

PHARMD GURU Page 2 B. BASIC COMPONENTS OF A GENE: COMPONENT FUNCTION Exons Coding regions that form the final mRNA and encode proteins. Introns Non-coding regions removed during RNA processing. Promoter A DNA sequence where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription. Enhancer A distant regulatory element that increases gene transcription. Silencer A DNA sequence that represses gene transcription. Figure 2: Gene Structure C. DIFFERENCES IN GENE ORGANIZATION: FEATURE PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES Gene Structure Continuous genes without introns. Genes contain introns and exons. Regulation Genes arranged in operons for coordinated regulation. Genes are independently regulated with enhancers and silencers. Genome Size Small and compact. Larger with repetitive DNA and regulatory sequences.