Title WK4 - Family Planning & Contraception.pdf ✅

J.A.K.E 1 of 4 Bachelor of Science in Nursing 2YA NCMA217 LEC: FAMILY PLANNING AND CONTRACEPTION Discussed by Prof. Francis Vasquez FAMILY PLANNING AND CONTRACEPTION - Family planning – uses contraception. - The use of a range of methods of fertility regulation to: 1) Avoid unwanted births/ pregnancy 2) Bring about wanted births/ pregnancy 3) Regulate the number of children born 4) Regulate intervals between pregnancies/ birth spacing. 5) Control time at which birth occurs - Recommended no. of children per couple: 2-3 - Recommended birth space: 3-5 years - 2 components: a) Promoting/ Planning pregnancy b) Preventing pregnancy Planning Pregnancy - Proper nutrition and exercise – physiological preparation for upcoming pregnancy. - Lifestyle changes: • Smoking can cause SGA baby (small gestational age) • Alcohol can cause cognitive impaired baby (neurologic impairment irreversible) - Medical history taking and checkup is important (to know health status of the patient) - Genetic counseling (if the male or female have genetically linked conditions like trisomy21) Preventing pregnancy - Contraceptive methods are used. (natural or artificial) - Always remember that there is always a possibility for the method of contraception to fail thus pregnancy may occur. - We will educate the couple on the use of different methods of contraception whether they are natural and artificial. Methods of contraception 1. Natural 2. Artificial: a) Barrier b) Hormonal c) IUD d) Sterilization Natural method - Concept: no use of any chemical and mechanical means of preventing pregnancy. Abstinence - Refraining from vaginal sexual intercourse. Should have self- control (It could be oral sex, masturbation, etc.) - You need self-control - Different from strict abstinence – no form of sexual contact. - Advantages: acceptable, 100% effective, no cost - Disadvantages: loss of self-control – difficult to maintain Lactation amenorrhea methods (LAM) - Exclusive breast feeding - Use of this method required regular and fulltime breast feeding (the baby will not use formula milk but pure breast milk) - Effective during the first 6 months post-partum. - No ovulation and no menstruation. - Not effective after 6 months - After 6 months, it can no longer protect the woman, the woman may ovulate but without menstruation. This will be problem because the woman does not identify her fertile window. - LAM prevent pregnancy by preventing ovulation, it prevent ovulation by breastfeeding full time and regular. Breastfeeding keeps the level of estrogen high and it will not stimulate hypothalamus to start the cycle. Hypothalamus will not release FSHRF therefore APG will not release FSH cause no maturation of the egg and no stimulating of ovary to produce estrogen. Scenario: • Mrs.: Jan. 15 is my 2nd month post-partum. I’m using full time breast feeding to prevent pregnancy. But I might forget the due date of my LAM on 6th month (May 15). After 6months, if I still use LAM, I am afraid I might get pregnant. • Nurse: you can still breastfeed your baby after 6 months, but you cannot longer rely on LAM in preventing your pregnancy. Breastfeeding is good for you baby up to 2 years old. She can start taking the POP while breastfeeding in her 2nd month post-partum. Just to be sure she will not get pregnant. Or on the 5th month she can start using this. Para kung makalimutan man niya protected na siya. Can I take oral pills even if I’m breastfeeding my baby? a) Combined oral contraceptive pills (COCP) - Estrogen and progesterone - C – contraindicated in breastfeeding - Estrogen is contraindicated in breastfeeding. It will affect milk production. b) Progesterone only pill (POP) - Progesterone only - P – Pwede/ Permitted in breastfeeding - 5th month she can start taking POP Coitus interruptus (Withdrawal) - Is not recommended by the DOH - Pre-ejaculatory fluid – have potential to cause pregnancy - 80 % effective; 20% not effective - Withdrawal of penis before ejaculation inside the vagina - Sperm may leak from the penis even before ejaculation – pre- cum - No protection to STD/STI - Self-control is the key - Number one cause of unplanned pregnancy Fertility awareness method (FAM) - Calendar method/ rhythm method, cervical mucus test - Basal body temperature test and sympothermal method and two day method - The identification of the woman’s fertile and unfertile phases during her menstrual cycle. - Requires cooperation between the female and male (FAM) - Advantages: inexpensive, no side effects, no harmful chemicals and gadgets.