Title 10 FOUNDATION of SPECIAL and INCLUSIVE EDUCATION.pdf ✅

DO NOT REPRODUCE. CONTROLLED COPY. Special Needs Education ✓ an “attempt to increase fairness of universal public education for exceptional learners” ✓ a set of services provided to students who experience exceptional learning needs (i.e. special difficulties or extraordinary abilities in learning) ✓ to ensure that those perceived to have difficulties in learning will still be taught but in a different manner Inclusive education ✓ an approach that values diversity and seeks to provide all students, regardless of their abilities or disabilities, with meaningful and equitable opportunities to learn ✓ based on the belief that every student has the right to access quality education in a supportive and inclusive environment. ✓ Anchored on the philosophy that every child has an inherent right to be equally educated with his/her peers, no matter how different he/she appears ✓ 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights ✓ 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child ✓ 1993 UN Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities ✓ In 2005, the UNESCO published the Guidelines for Inclusion which highlights the following: - Inclusion is a process (a never-ending search to find better ways to address diversity) - Inclusion involves a preventive dimension (i.e. remove potential barriers to the process) - Inclusion is about the “presence, participation, and achievement” or learning outcomes of all students - Inclusion puts emphasis on learner who are at risk of marginalization, exclusion, or underachievement ✓ Index of Inclusion (Booth & Ainscow, 2002) – framework for educational institutions to develop their own plans for inclusion - highlights Creating inclusive cultures, producing
DO NOT REPRODUCE. CONTROLLED COPY. inclusive policies, and Evolving inclusive practices as the three dimensions are connected to direct thinking about school change. - Universal Design for Learning - refers to the design of instructional materials and activities to make the content information accessible to all children. - Differentiated Instruction - “a way of thinking about the classroom with dual goals of honoring each student’s learning needs and maximizing student’s capacity” using a variety of learning and teaching strategies. Components of Special and Inclusive Education Child Find System – systematic method of finding students at-risk or suspected to have disabilities or special needs ✓ Screening (aka pre-referral process) – children may be observed using norm- and criterion-referenced tests, ✓ Assessment - the process of collecting information about a child’s strengths and needs. ✓ Placement - general education classroom is the least restrictive environment for a child with additional needs. He/she will have the same learning experiences and opportunities as his peers- “most normalized or typical setting” ✓ Parent involvement - Educational support and collaboration between parents and teachers promote child success in school. COMMON TERMS in SPECIAL EDUCATION and INCLUSIVE EDUCATION Impairment - Loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function Disability - Measurable impairments or limitation that interferes with a person's ability (physical, sensory, or mental condition) Handicap - Disadvantage that occurs as a result of disability