Title Ex 3 Structural Organisation In Animals.pdf ✅

1 STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN ANIMALS-TISSUE EXERCISE – 3: Achiever’s Section Epithelial Tissue 1. On the basis of structural modification of the cells, simple epithelium is further divided into (a) Two types-ciliated and glandular epithelia (b) Five types-squamous, cuboidal, columnar, ciliated and pseudostratified epithelia (c) Four types-squamous, cuboidal, columnar and ciliated epitheliums (d) Two types-unicellular and multicellular epitheliums Ans. (b) Sol. On the basis of structural modification of the cells, simple epithelium is further divided into five types: A. Squamous epithelium- Have thin, flat, discoidal and polygonal cells with a centrally located, oval or spherical nucleus; give appearance of tiles in the floor called pavement epithelium. Squamous epithelium is found in alveoli of lungs, blood vessels, etc. B. Cuboidal epithelium- They are cubical cells with spherical and centrally placed nuclei. Cells often form microvilli on their free surface which gives a brush- like appearance to their free border, hence called brush bordered cuboidal epithelium. Cuboidal epithelium is found in salivary duct, pancreatic duct, etc. C. Columnar epithelium- Cells are elongated and placed side by side like columns with longitudinal oval and basal nuclei. Columnar epithelium is found in the lining of the small intestine, large intestine, etc. D. Ciliated epithelium- Cells have cilia on their apical surface. The cells can be cuboidal or columnar in shape. Ciliated epithelium is present in fallopian tube and bronchioles. E. Pseudostratified epithelium- Some of the cells are short with round nucleus and some cells are long with basal oval nucleus. Pseudostratified cells are present in male urethra. 2. Match the columns I and II and choose the correct combination from the options given. Column I Column II A. Adhering Junctions 1. Help to stop substances from leaking across a tissue B. Gap Junctions 2. Perform cementing to keep neighbouring cells together C. Tight Junctions 3. Facilitate the cells to communicate with each other (a) A-3, B-2, C-1 (b) A-2, B-3, C-1 (c)A-2, B-1, C-3 (d) A-1, B-3, C-2 Ans. (b) Sol. (b) A-2, B-3, C-1 is the correct option. -Adherens junctions perform commenting to keep neighbouring cells together. -Gap junctions facilitate the cells to communicate with each other. -Tight junctions help to stop substances from leaking across a tissue. 3. On the basis of mode of pouring of their secretions, glands are divided into (a) Two categories exocrine and endocrine glands (b) Three categories - holocrine, merocrine and apocrine glands (c) Two categories - exocrine and ductless glands (d) Both a and c Ans. (d) Sol. On the basis of mode of pouring of their secretions, glands are divided into: Two categories- Exocrine- Exocrine glands secrete mucus, saliva, earwax, milk, digestive enzymes and other cell products. These products are related through ducts or tubes. Endocrine- Endocrine glands do not have ducts. Their products are called hormones which are secreted directly into the fluid bathing the gland 4. Which of the following type of cell junction is not found in animal tissues? (a) Adhering junction (b) Tight junction (c) Gap junction (d) Plasmodesmata Ans. (d) Sol. Plasmodesmata is not found in animal tissues. Plasmodesmata connect the cytoplasm of neighbouring cells. Plasmodesmata are small channels that directly connect the cytoplasm of neighbouring plant cells to each other, establishing living bridges between cells. Similar to the gap junctions found in animal cells, the plasmodesmata, which penetrate both the primary and secondary cell walls), allow certain molecules to pass directly from one cell to another and are important in cellular communication. also add that plasmodesmata are characteristics of plant cells 5. Match column-I with Column-II and select the correct option from the codes given below.
STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN ANIMALS-TISSUE 2 Column I Column II A. Pseudostratified epithelium (i) Connective tissue B. Matrix (ii) Absorption C. Striated myofibril (iii) Trachea D. Mesothelium (iv) Body cavity lining E. Microvilli (v) Multinucleate (a) A-(i), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(iv), E-(v) (b) A-(ii), B-(v), C-(iv), D-(i), E-(iii) (c)A-(iii), B-(i), C-(v), D-(iv), E-(ii) (d) A-(iv), B-(iii), C-(v), D-(i), E-(ii) Ans. (c) Sol. (c) A-(iii), B-(i), C-(v), D-(iv), E-(ii). is the correct option. -Pseudostratified Epithelium is found in trachea -Connective tissue is made up of matrices. -Striated myofibrils are multinucleated. -Mesothelium forms the lining of several body cavities. -On absorption of aggregated microfibril with water, the volume of cell increases and the existing microfibrils separate and new ones are formed to help increase cell strength. 6. Read and following statements and select the correct option. Statement 1: Urinary bladder is lined by transitional epithelium. Statement 2: Transitional epithelium keeps the size of bladder constant at all times. (a) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1. (b) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1. (c) Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect (d) Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect. Ans. (c) Sol. Transitional epithelium persists distension. Urinary bladder can be stretched considerably due to the presence of transitional epithelium. When stretched it appears to be thinner and the cells become flattened or rounded. 7. Consider the following statements (i)-(iii) and select the correct option stating which ones are true (T) and which ones are false (F). (i) Stratified squamous epithelium covers moist surface like buccal cavity. (ii) Fibroblasts store fat in adipose tissue. (iii) Urinary bladder is lined by a stratified epithelium. (a) (i) - F; (ii) - T; (iii) - T (b) (i) - T; (ii) - F; (iii) - F (c) (i) - T; (ii) - F; (iii) - T (d) (i) - T; (ii) - T; (iii) - F Ans. (b) Sol. Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium covers moist surfaces like buccal cavity, pharynx, vagina, cervix, etc. Adipocytes store fat in adipose tissue. Urinary bladder is lined by transitional epithelium. 8. Mammary gland is a type of (a) apocrine (b) holocrine (c) merocrine (d) endocrine Ans. (a) Sol. Apocrine glands are those in which secretory products accumulate at the apical margin. It pinches off from rest of the cell. The cell repairs the lost part, e.g., mammary glands. 9. All the statements about kinocilia are correct except (a) They are non-motile (b) These are found in fallopian tube. (c) It has 9 + 2 ultrastructure. (d) The basal granule is present. Ans. (a) Sol. There are two types of cilia. They are – kinocilia and stereocilia. Kinocilia are motile cilia which are found in ciliated epithelium. They have 9+2 arrangement of microtubules, and such cilia arise from basal granule. 10. Assertion: Materials cannot be exchanged between epithelial cells. Reason: Blood vessels are usually present in epithelial tissues. (a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. (b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. (c) If assertion is true but reason is false (d) If both assertion and reason are false. Ans. (d) Sol. Assertion and reason both are false because materials can be exchanged between epithelial cells. For this process to occur the membranes of epithelial cells have cell junctions. Blood vessels are usually absent in epithelial tissues. Connective Tissue
3 STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN ANIMALS-TISSUE 11. During an injury nasal septum gets damaged and for its recovery which cartilage is preferred? (a) Hyaline cartilage (b) Elastic cartilage (c) Calcified cartilage (d) Fibrous cartilage Ans. (a) Sol. Nasal septum separates the left and right airways in the nose, dividing the two nostrils. It is composed primarily of hyaline cartilage, which is densely packed with collagen. Hyaline cartilage is found lining articular surfaces, and in the nasal septum, tracheal rings, costal cartilages and the epiphyseal cartilage of growing bones. So, if the nasal septum is damaged, for its recovery, hyaline cartilage will be perfused. Thus, the correct answer is option (a). 12. Which cartilage is present at the end of long bones? (a) Calcified cartilage (b) Hyaline cartilage (c) Elastic cartilage (d) Fibrous cartilage Ans. (b) Sol. Hyaline cartilage is present at the end of long bones. It consists largely of glycosaminoglycan, giving it a shiny glass-like appearance. Hyaline cartilage provides smooth surfaces for movement at joints, flexibility, and support. 13. Which of the following is a transparent tissue? (a) Tendon (b) Fibrous cartilage (c) Hyaline cartilage (d) All of these Ans. (c) Sol. Hyaline cartilage is a transparent tissue. It consists largely of glycosaminoglycan, giving it a shiny glass- like appearance. It gives flexibility and support to the joints. 14. Read the following statements and select the correct option. Statement 1: Bone and cartilage are rigid connective tissues. Statement 2: Blood is a connective tissue with fluid (plasma) matrix. (a) Both statement 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1. (b) Both statement 1 and 2 are correct but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1. (c) Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect (d) Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect. Ans. (b) Sol. Bone and cartilage are rigid connective tissues. Bones consist of matrix which is hard and non-pliable and is rich in calcium salts and collagen fibres. This gives bone its strength. The intercellular material of cartilage is solid and pliable and resists compression. Blood is a fluid connective tissue consisting of plasma, RBCs, WBCs and platelets. 15. Match the column-I with column-II and select the correct option from the codes given below. Column-I Column-II A. Hyaline cartilage (i) Pectoral girdle of frog B. Fibrous cartilage (ii) Long bones, sternum, ribs C. Elastic cartilage (iii) Pubic symphysis D. Calcified cartilage (iv) Eustachian tube, Epiglottis (a) A-(i), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(iv) (b) A-(ii), B-(iii), C-(iv), D-(i) (c) A-(ii), B-(iv), C-(iii), D-(i) (d) A-(iv), B-(iii), C-(ii), D-(i) Ans. (b) Sol. (b) A-(ii), B-(iii), C-(iv), D-(i) is the correct option. -Hyaline cartilage is found in long bones, sternum, ribs. -Fibrous cartilage is found in public symphysis. -Elastic cartilage is found in the eustachian tube and epiglottis. -Calcified cartilage is found in the pectoral girdle of a frog. 16. In the diagram of section of hyaline cartilage, the different parts have been indicated by alphabets. Choose the answer in which these alphabets correctly match with the parts they indicate: (a) A = perichondrium, B = chondrocyte, C = lacuna, D = capsular matrix, E = chondrin (b) A = capsular matrix, B = chondrocyte, C = lacuna, D = perichondrium, E = chondrin (c) A = chondrin, B = chondrocyte, C = lacuna, D = capsular matrix, E = perichondrium (d) A = chondrin, B = lacuna, C = chondrocyte, D = capsular matrix, E = perichondrium
STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN ANIMALS-TISSUE 4 Ans. (c) Sol. A= Chondrin, matrix of cartilage consists of chondrin protein. B= Chondrocyte, cells of cartilage tissue are called Chondrocyte C= Lacunae, the cartilage cells are present in spaces called lacunae. D= Capsular matrix E= Perichondrium, it is a membrane which covers all the surface of bones. 17. In the given diagram of a section of bone tissue, certain parts have been indicated by alphabets. Select the answer in which these alphabets have been correctly matched with the parts which they indicate. (a) A - Interstitial lamellae, B - Nerve, C - Canaliculi, D - Haversian canal (b) A - Interstitial lamellae, B - Osteocytes, C - Haversian system, D - Canaliculi (c) A - Interstitial lamellae, B - Osteocytes, C - Nerve, D - Blood vessels (d) A - Interstitial lamellae, B - Osteocytes, C - Haversian canal, D - Endosteum Ans. (d) Sol. Bone is covered by outer periosteum and inner endosteum. The matrix of the bone is arranged in the form of concentric circle and such an arrangement is called lamellae. The bone is made up of osteocytes or bone cells. 18. Consider the following statements (i)- (iii), each with two blanks. (i) Pseudostratified epithelium lines the ______ (1) tract while transitional epithelium lines the _____ (2) tract. (ii) Lacunae of bones house _____ (3) while lacunae of cartilage contain _____ (4). (iii) Tendon contains bundles of ______ (5) fibres and rows of _______ (6) cells between them. Which one of the following options, gives the correct fill ups for the respective blank numbers from (1) to (6) in the statements? (a) (1) - respiratory, (2)-urinary, (5)- white, (6)-fibroblast (b) (1)-urinary, (2)-respiratory, (3)-Osteocytes, (2)-chondrocytes (c) (3)-Chondrocytes, (4)-osteocytes, (5)-yellow, (6)-fibroblast (d) (1)-respiratory, (2)-urinary, (3)-chondrocytes, (4)-osteocytes. Ans. (a) Sol. Pseudostratified epithelium is present in respiratory tract while transitional epithelium is present in the urinary tract where it is called urothelium. Lacuna is the fluid filled space present around single osteocyte while lacunae of cartilage contain one, two or more chondrocyte. Tendons are made up of white fibres and contain rows of fibroblast cells. Muscular Tissue 19. Read the following statements and select the correct option. Statement 1: Cardiac muscle of the heart is striated and has intercalated disc between its fibres. Statement 2: It provides quick, powerful and rhythmic contractions to the heart. (a) Both statement 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1. (b) Both statement 1 and 2 are correct but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1. (c) Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect (d) Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect. Ans. (b) Sol. Cardiac muscle tissue fibres show the characters of both striated and unstriated muscle fibres. The myofibrils have dark and light bands; thus, they are striated but they are not under the control of the will of the animal, thus they are involuntary. They have intercalated disc at intervals. These discs permit the wave of muscle contraction to be transmitted from