Title 1.THE LIVING WORLD -Explanations.pdf ✅

Species is the smallest rank of taxonomic classification modern concept of species is biological species concept (E Mayr; 1942). Mayr defined he species as the group of interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups. 12 (d) Flower is a specialized, modified shoot. Which has evolved due to progressive specialization of sporophyll. Sexual reproduction in angiosperm is performed by these conservative part of flowers. Hence, flower feature are commonly used for identification 13 (c) Genera Plantarum was written by Bentham and Hooker, highest taxonomic category is kingdom in hierarchy. Term ‘Systematic’ was first time used by Linnaeus 14 (d) Prokaryote can be distinguished from eukaryotes on basis of the absence of cell organelles like chloroplast mitochondria, chromosome, nucleus and nuclear membrane 15 (a) Presence of visceral slits is exhibited by both Chordata and adult Tunicata members 16 (b) A herbarium (A) is a collection/place of pressed dried and preserved plants specimen mounted on a paper sheets (B) labelled and arranged systematically for further reference 17 (c) Hornbill (a bird) is the symbol of Bombay Natural History Society. It is privately owned wildlife conservation agency/organisation 18 (d) Order is the assemblage of families which exhibit a few similar characters. The similar characters are less in number as compared to different genera included in a family. For example, plant families like Convolvulaceae, Solanaceae, etc. are included in order- Polimoniales mainly based on floral character. In animals, order-Carnivora includes families like Felidae and Canidae Family has a group of related genera with less number of similarities as compared to genus and species. Cat and dog showing some similarities and some differences are placed into two different families-Felidae and Canidae, respectively. 19 (a) Taxonomic hierarchy refers to stepwise arrangement of all categories for classification of plants and animals. The categories in taxonomic hierarchy are: Kingdom → Division (Phylum) → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species 20 (c) Regeneration is a process in which a lost part of the body is recreated by the organism to became a new organism. It can be best observed in flatworm Planaria 21 (c) The framework system of classification in which various taxonomic categories are arranged in an order of logical sequence is called taxonomic hierarchy, a taxonomic category of overall taxonomic arrangement. All categories together make taxonomic hierarchy. It is also called Linnaean hierarchy as it was first proposed by C Linnaeus. There are seven obligate categories-Kingdom, Division (in plants) or Phylum (in animals), Class, Order, Family, Genus and Species. 22 (c) World first herbarium was set-up Pisa in Italy by professor of Botany Luca Ghine 23 (b)

Class ↓ Order ↓ Family ↓ Genus ↓ Species Class occupy a position between division/phylum and order 36 (b) Out of four options, division occupy the largest or top position in taxonomic hierarchy Kingdom-Division-Class-Order-Family-Genus-Species 37 (b) Mayr (1942) defined species as an array of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups under natural conditions. 38 (a) Term ‘Taxonomy’ is coined by AP de Candolle (1813) in his book Theory Elementarie de La Botanique, i.e., Theory of Elementary Botany. While Carolus Linnaeus is regarded as Father of Taxonomy 39 (c) A species is a group of organisms, which are closely related and sharing a common gene pool. John Ray (1627-1705) introduced the term ‘species’ for any shole kind of living thing. 40 (a) The term new systematic was given by Julian Huxley (1940). New systematic or Biosystematics is the concept of systematic which bring out taxonomic affinity on the basis of evolutionary, genetic and morphological traits. The term systematic was given by Linnaeus (Father of Taxonomy), who also gave binomial nomenclature concept. Darwin has given theory of natural selection and theory of pangenesis. 41 (a) In taxonomic categories family occupy the position between class and species (lowest) family can accomodate different genera but species are different like dog, jackal, wolf belong to same genera Cannis but species are different. But they belong to same class. More similar characteristic of order are grouped in same class 42 (c) Huxley is known as the father of neo-taxonomy. 43 (c) Taxon is used represent any rank in taxonomic hierarchy. Royal Botanical Garden is located at (Kew) London in England. There are about 492 (approximately 504) wildlife sanctuaries and 89 national park in India. Rest three statement are true 44 (a) Germplasm is a collection seeds/plants which consists diverse alleles of all gene in a crop 45 (d) The discipline of biology which deals with the kind and diversity of all organisms and the existing relationship amongest them is called systematics. The word ‘systematics’ is derived from Latin word systema which means systematic arrangement of organisms. It was first used by Carolus Linnaeus. He used SystemaNaturae as the title of his publication. The