Content text অধ্যায় ৩ সংখ্যা পদ্ধতি ও ডিজিটাল ডিভাইস-03 with solve.pdf
wWwRUvj wWfvBm ICT Decoder Batch HSC 26------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 Rhombus Publications wWwRUvj wWfvBm (Digital Device) Z...Zxq Aa ̈vq Board Questions Analysis m„Rbkxj cÖkœ †evW© mvj XvKv ivRkvnx PÆMÖvg ewikvj h‡kvi wm‡jU Kzwgjø w`bvRcyi gqgbwmsn 2024 2023 2022 eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ †evW© mvj XvKv ivRkvnx PÆMÖvg ewikvj h‡kvi wm‡jU Kzwgjø w`bvRcyi gqgbwmsn 2024 2023 2022 HSC cixÿv_©x‡`i Rb ̈ evQvBK...Z m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi cÖkœ1 Bgb evwl©K cixÿvi djvdj we‡kølY Ki‡Z wM‡q †`Lj evsjv, Bs‡iwR I ICT wel‡q †h h_vμ‡g (5C)16, (123)8, (77)10 b¤^i †c‡q‡Q| (K) BDwbfvm©vj †MBU Kx? [Xv. †ev. 24] (L) 17 Gi c‡ii msL ̈vwU 20 e ̈vL ̈v Ki| [Xv. †ev. 24] (M) DÏxc‡K Bg‡bi Bs‡iwR wel‡q cÖvß b¤^i †n·v‡Wwm‡g‡j iƒcvšÍi Ki| [Xv. †ev. 24] (N) DÏxc‡K Bg‡bi wZbwU wel‡q †gvU cÖvß b¤^i evBbvwi‡Z KZ n‡e wbY©q Ki| [Xv. †ev. 24] mgvavb: K †h mKj †MBU Øviv †g.wjK †MBU (AND, OR, NOT) Ges Ab ̈vb ̈ mKj †MBU ev ̄Íevqb Kiv m¤¢e Zv‡`i mve©Rbxb †MBU e‡j| †hgb: NAND, NOR| L A±vj msL ̈v c×wZ Abymv‡i 17 Gi c‡ii msL ̈vwU 20| A±v‡j msL ̈v c×wZi A1⁄4 ̧‡jv n‡jv, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7| G c×wZ‡Z 8, 9 Gi †Kv‡bv Aw ̄ÍZ¡ †bB| d‡j 17 Gi c‡ii msL ̈vwU n‡e 20| cÖwμqvwU wb¤œiƒc: (17)8 = 1 8 1 + 7 8 0 = (15)10 15 +1 16 (16)10 Gi mgZzj ̈ A±vj: 8 16 LSB MSB 8 2 0 0 2 (16)10 = (20)8 178 + 18 = 208 M Bg‡bi Bs‡iwR wel‡q cÖvß b¤^i (123)8| msL ̈vwU A±vj c×wZ‡Z †`qv Av‡Q| msL ̈vwU‡K †n·v‡Wwm‡g‡j iƒcvšÍi Kiv n‡jv: 001 1 2 3 010 011 A±vj evBbvwi msL ̈vwU evBbvwi c×wZ‡Z = (001 010 011)2 Avevi, 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 5 3 evBbvwi †n·v‡Wwm‡gj (123)8 = (53)16 myZivs †n·v‡Wwm‡g‡j Bg‡bi cÖvß b¤^i 53| N Bg‡bi evsjv, Bs‡iwR I ICT wel‡q cÖvß b¤^i (5C)16, (123)8, (77)10| b¤^i ̧wj‡K evBbvwi‡Z iƒcvšÍi Kiv n‡jv: 0101 5 C 1100 †n·v‡Wwm‡gj: evBbvwi: (5C)16 = (01011100)2 [evsjvq cÖvß b¤^i] M n‡Z cvB (123)8 = (1010011)2 [Bs‡iwR‡Z cÖvß b¤^i] AvBwmwU‡Z cÖvß b¤^i evBbvwi‡Z iƒcvšÍi: 2 77 LSB MSB 2 38 – 1 2 19 – 0 2 9 – 1 2 4 – 1 2 2 – 0 2 1 – 0 0 – 1 (77)10 = (1001101)2
2......................................................................................................................................................................... ICT Chapter-3 Rhombus Publications wZbwU wel‡q †gvU cÖvß b¤^i: evsjv: 1011100 Bs‡iwR: 1010011 ICT: (+) 1001101 = 11111100 Bg‡bi wZbwU wel‡q cÖvß b¤^i evBbvwi‡Z (11 111 100)2 cÖkœ2 Y = (A + B) (A + B – ) (A – A + C) (K) ASCII Kx? [Xv. †ev. 24] (L) we‡qv‡Mi KvR †hv‡Mi gva ̈‡g Kiv m¤¢eÑ e ̈vL ̈v Ki| [Xv. †ev. 24] (M) DÏxc‡K cÖ`Ë jwRK dvskbwUi mZ ̈K mviwY •Zwi Ki|[Xv. †ev. 24] (N) ―Y †K eywjqvb A ̈vj‡Reivi mvnv‡h ̈ mijxKiY Kivi d‡j eZ©bx ev ̄Íevqb mnR n‡q‡QÓÑ we‡kølYc~e©K Dw3wUi mZ ̈Zv hvPvB Ki| [Xv. †ev. 24] mgvavb: K ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) n‡jv GKwU 7/8 we‡Ui Avjdv wbD‡gwiK †KvW hv Kw¤úDUvi I Input/ output device Gi Z_ ̈ ̄’vbvšÍ‡i e ̈eüZ nq| L evBbvwi msL ̈v c×wZ‡Z 2 Gi cwic~i‡Ki mv‡_ †hv‡Mi gva ̈‡g we‡qv‡Mi KvRwU Kiv m¤¢e| †Kv‡bv msL ̈v‡K 2 Gi cwic~i‡K iƒcvšÍi Kivi A_© n‡jv Zv‡K FYvZ¡K msL ̈vq cwiYZ Kiv| myZivs †Kv‡bv msL ̈vi mv‡_ Aci GKwU msL ̈vi 2 Gi cwic~iK †hvM Kivi A_© n‡jv c~‡e©i msL ̈vwU †_‡K c‡ii msL ̈vwU †_‡K c‡ii msL ̈v we‡qvM Kiv| M DÏxc‡K cÖ`Ë dvskwU n‡jv y = (A + B) (A + B – ) (A – + C) jwRK dvskwUi mZ ̈K mviYx: A B C A – B – A + B A + B – A – + C y = (A + B) (A + B – ) (A – + C) 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 N DÏxc‡Ki y jwRK dvskbwU eywjqvb A ̈vj‡Reivi gva ̈‡g mijxKiY Kiv n‡jv: y = (A + B) (A + B – ) (A – + C) = (A.A + A. B – + A. B + B. B – ) (A – + C) = (A + AB – + A.B + 0) (A – A – + C) [ A.A = A; B. B – = 0] = (A + AB – + AB) (A – + C) = AA – + AC + AA – B – + AB – C + AA – B + ABC [ AA – = 0] = AC + AB – C + ABC = AC (1 + B + B – ) = AC [ 1 + A = A] mijxK...Z dvskbwUi jwRK eZ©bx: A y = AC C cÖkœ3 P = (36)8 Ges Q = (2F)16 (K) †KvW Kx? [iv. †ev. 24] (L) 11 + 1 = 100 n‡Z cv‡iÑ e ̈vL ̈v Ki| [iv. †ev. 24] (M) P I Q Gi gvb‡K `kwgK msL ̈v c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki| [iv. †ev. 24] (N) (P–Q) MvwYwZK cÖwμqvwU †hv‡Mi gva ̈‡g Kiv hvqÑ MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki| [iv. †ev. 24] mgvavb: K †KvW n‡jv g~jZ evBbvwi msL ̈v hvi Øviv wewfbœ eY©, cÖZxK, AwWI, wfwWI BZ ̈vw` cÖKvk Kiv nq| L evBbvwi msL ̈v c×wZ‡Z 11 + 1 = 100 m¤¢e| evBbvwi msL ̈v c×wZ‡Z ïaygvÎ 1 I 0 we` ̈gvb _vKvi †h‡Kv‡bv msL ̈v‡K ïaygvÎ 1 I 0 Gi gva ̈‡g cÖKvk Kiv nq| evBbvwi‡Z 11 I 1 Gi †hvMdj wb¤œiƒc| evBbvwj: †Wwm‡gj: (11)2 (3)10 +(1)2 +(1)10 (100)2 (4)10 myZivs †Wwm‡g‡j (1)10 = (1)2 , (3)10 = (11)2 I (4)10 = (100)2 nIqvi evBbvwi‡Z 110 + 1 = 100 m¤¢e M DÏxc‡K cÖ`Ë, P = (36)8 Q = (2F)16 P †K `kwgK gv‡b iƒcvšÍi (36)8 = [3 8 1 + 6 8 0 ]10 = [24 + 6]10 = (30)10 (36)8 = (30)10 Q †K `kwgK gv‡b iƒcvšÍi (2F)16 = [2 161 + F 160 ]10 = [2 161 + 15 160 ]10 = (47)10 (2F)16 = (47)10 P I Q †K `kwgK msL ̈v c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk h_vμ‡g (30)10, (47)10 N P-Q MvwYwZK cÖwμqvwU †hv‡Mi gva ̈‡g m¤úbœ Kivi Dcvq n‡jv: evBbvwi msL ̈v c×wZi mvnv‡h ̈, GKwU msL ̈v‡K Aci msL ̈vi 2 Gi cwic~i‡Ki mv‡_ †hvM Kiv| P I Q †K evBbvwi‡Z iƒcvšÍi Kiv n‡jv 011 3 6 110 A±vj: evBbvwi: (36)6 = (11110)2 = (00011110)2 [8 weU evBbvwi]