Title LIFE PROCESSES class 10.pdf ✅

ASTERISK CLASSES LIFE PROCESSES BY BALVIR SINGH (M.SC ZOOLOGY) +10 YEARS EXPERIENCES CONTACT NUMBER- 9622187189 CBSE WORLD OF LIVINGS – 25 MARKS FROM CLASS 8TH TO 12TH PAGE NO - 2 ENGLISH WITH ROHIT SIR SPECIAL COURSES WILL START FROM SEPTEMBER FOR SANIK AND JNV PREPARATION NOTES AVAILABLE AT MAA DURGA STATIONERY MAHANPUR. JKBOSE- 08 MARKS LIFE PROCESSES CLASS 10 BIOLOGY 7. Reproduction: • Reproduction is the process by which organisms produce offspring, ensuring the continuation of their species. It can occur through sexual or asexual means, involving the formation and fusion of gametes (sex cells) or the production of genetically identical clones, respectively. These life processes collectively enable living organisms to maintain their existence, adapt to their environment, and perpetuate their species over generations. Each process is intricately linked and essential for the survival and function of all living organisms. Nutrition: Nutrition is the process by which living organisms obtain and utilize nutrients to maintain life, growth, repair tissues, and carry out metabolic activities. It involves the intake of food, digestion, absorption of nutrients into the body, and the subsequent utilization of these nutrients for various physiological functions. Types of Nutrition: 1. Autotrophic Nutrition: • Definition: Autotrophic nutrition is a mode of nutrition in which organisms synthesize their own organic molecules from inorganic substances, usually using sunlight as a source of energy. • Examples: • Photosynthesis in Plants: Plants are the classic examples of autotrophic organisms. They use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen through the process of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll in plant cells captures sunlight, which is then used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Photosynthesis: Definition: Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose. This process occurs in chloroplasts, primarily in the cells of plant leaves.
ASTERISK CLASSES LIFE PROCESSES BY BALVIR SINGH (M.SC ZOOLOGY) +10 YEARS EXPERIENCES CONTACT NUMBER- 9622187189 CBSE WORLD OF LIVINGS – 25 MARKS FROM CLASS 8TH TO 12TH PAGE NO - 3 ENGLISH WITH ROHIT SIR SPECIAL COURSES WILL START FROM SEPTEMBER FOR SANIK AND JNV PREPARATION NOTES AVAILABLE AT MAA DURGA STATIONERY MAHANPUR. JKBOSE- 08 MARKS LIFE PROCESSES CLASS 10 BIOLOGY Key Steps of Photosynthesis: 1. Light Absorption: Chlorophyll, a pigment present in chloroplasts, absorbs light energy from the sun. 2. Water Splitting: Water molecules are split into oxygen, protons (H+ ions), and electrons. This process occurs in the thylakoid membrane within the chloroplasts and is known as photolysis. 3. Formation of ATP and NADPH: The energy from sunlight is used to convert ADP and inorganic phosphate into ATP and reduce NADP+ to NADPH. These molecules act as energy carriers for the next steps of photosynthesis. 4. Carbon Fixation (Calvin Cycle): Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is incorporated into organic molecules, primarily ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP), in a series of enzymatic reactions known as the Calvin cycle. This process ultimately produces glucose, which serves as a source of energy and building material for the plant. Importance of Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis is vital for the survival of plants and the maintenance of life on Earth. It is the primary source of oxygen in the atmosphere, provides energy for plant growth and metabolism, and forms the base of the food chain by producing organic molecules that are consumed by other organisms. Opening and Closing of Stomata: Definition: Stomata are small pores present on the surface of leaves and stems of plants. They regulate gas exchange, allowing for the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) needed for photosynthesis and the release of oxygen (O2) and water vapor (transpiration). Mechanism of Stomatal Opening and Closing: 1. Opening: Stomata open in response to environmental cues such as light, CO2 concentration, and internal factors like the plant's water status. Light: During the day, when light intensity increases, guard cells surrounding the stomatal pore accumulate potassium ions (K+ ) and chloride ions (Cl- ), causing water to enter the cells by osmosis. This influx of water increases turgor pressure, causing the guard cells to swell and the stomatal pore to open. • Carbon Dioxide: Low levels of CO2 inside the leaf trigger stomatal opening as the plant requires CO2 for photosynthesis. Opening allows for the uptake of CO2 from the atmosphere. 2. Closing: Stomata close to reduce water loss through transpiration and prevent wilting under unfavourable conditions.