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2 Which nerve is most likely injured when the arm is forcefully adducted beyond 45°? A. Axillary nerve B. Long thoracic nerve C. Thoracodorsal nerve D. Radial nerve Correct Answer: C. Thoracodorsal nerve Explanation: The thoracodorsal nerve (C6–C8) innervates latissimus dorsi, a key muscle involved in adduction, extension, and internal rotation of the arm. During forceful adduction beyond 45°, especially under traction or trauma (e.g., falling while grabbing an overhead object), the thoracodorsal nerve may stretch or compress. Axillary nerve: Injured in anterior shoulder dislocations or fractures of the surgical neck of humerus. Affects abduction (>15°), not adduction. Long thoracic nerve: Damaged in axillary surgeries or trauma to lateral chest wall. Causes winged scapula. Radial nerve: More commonly injured with midshaft humerus fractures or prolonged compression (e.g., Saturday night palsy). High-yield anatomy: l Course: Arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus and runs along the subscapular artery to reach latissimus dorsi.
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