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ALVI LAW ASSOCIATES 0313-4384159 Regards: Wajeeh Ahsan Alvi (M.A, LLB, DTL) Contact No: 0313-4384159 NOTE: These notes are the intellectual property of ALVI LAW ASSOCIATES by WAJEEH AHSAN ALVI not for sale not for Re- forward if anyone found in any of above activity will responsible for the consequences. If you are going to study these Notes, I’ll recommend you to take lecture of these questions for better understanding and concept building then you will be better able to understand the question and answer accordingly. All lectures and important stuff is available on my YouTube channel. Channel name Alvi Law Associates. For free notes and lectures series WhatsApp only. Here is the playlist of all lectures of ENGLISH JURISPRUDENCE you can watch lecture of this question from here. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pap1Dai9vhQ&list=PLXTPClsX2h dCOj95eYG5BOd7z1Pq2yov9&pp=iAQB Question No 12: Define person. Discuss various types of legal person. Also highlight the difference between corporation and firm? (This question is from 11th topic of the Outline). 1. INTRODUCTION: In English jurisprudence, a "person" refers to any entity capable of having legal rights and duties. This includes not only human beings but also corporations. For example, a company can sue or be sued in court, just like an individual. There may be human being who are not persons like slaves. And there may be persons who are not human being e.g corporations etc. 2. CROSS REFERENCE:

• Legal Person: A legal person, also known as a juridical person, is an entity that is not a human being but is given legal rights and responsibilities by the law. This can include organizations, corporations, governments, and other entities that can own property, enter contracts, and participate in legal proceedings. Example: ABC Corporation is a company that can own property, enter into contracts, and sue or be sued. Despite not being a human, ABC Corporation is considered a legal person under the law. 6. TYPES OF LEGAL PERSONS: In English jurisprudence, a legal person refers to any entity that can have rights and obligations, and can enter into contracts, sue, or be sued. There are two main types of legal persons natural persons and artificial (or juridical) persons. Here are the different types of legal persons with examples: • Natural Persons: Natural persons are human beings. They are individuals with legal rights and responsibilities. Example: Any individual like John Smith or Emma Brown. • Artificial Persons: Artificial persons are entities created by law that have legal rights and responsibilities. These can be organizations, corporations, governments, etc. a. Corporations: Corporations are legal entities that are separate from their owners. They can own property, enter into contracts, and be sued. Example: Apple Inc., Google LLC, or a local grocery store registered as a corporation.

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