Title 06. HS - Unit 5.docx ✅

Unit 5 - Global warming 5A. Pronunciation • Sentence stress and rhythm Underline the stressed words in the following sentences, and use the stroke mark to divide each sentence into segments - each segment contains one stressed word. Then practise saying the sentences with a natural rhythm. Example: We talked about | the causes | of floods. 1. Trees remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. 2. Methane emissions are produced through human activities. 3. Forests are cut down to make space for farm animals. 4. Some farmers were worried about the consequences of deforestation. 5. Farming provides us with the food that we eat every day. 6. Burning forests releases tonnes of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. 7. Greenhouse gases act like the glass in a greenhouse. 8. National representatives agree on how to make global progress on climate change. 5B. Vocabulary • Words and phrases related to global warming I. Complete the sentences with the words given. global warming greenhouse gas fossil fuels emissions sea level heat-trapping gases human activity deforestation renewable waste 1. Britain agreed to cut __________ of nitrogen oxide from power stations. 2. Many islands are below __________ and only the concrete walls can prevent them from disappearance. 3. The destruction of the rainforests is contributing to __________ . 4. The city produces 20 million tons of household __________ each year. 5. We need a global system for limiting __________ emissions. 6. __________ has been shown to cause floods and drought. 7. Global warming is driven by emissions of __________ , primarily from human activities. 8. Our research measures the impact of __________ on this particular eco-system. 9. Carbon dioxide is produced in huge amounts when __________ are burned. 10. The problem with fossil fuels is that they are not __________ . II. Match the words (1-5) with the nouns (A-E) to make compound nouns. Write the answer in each blank, and then fill in the text with the correct compound nouns (6-10). 1. carbon _____________________ A. warming 2. fossil _____________________ B. countries 3. global _____________________ C. dioxide 4. greenhouse _____________________ D. effect
5. industrialized _____________________ E. fuels The biggest threat to life on Earth comes from 6 __________ . Rich 7 __________ in the West have been burning 8 __________ such as coal, oil and gas for about 150 years, throwing out large quantities of the 9 __________ into the atmosphere. The carbon dioxide traps the heat from the sun and causes the Earth and the atmosphere to get warmer. This is called the 10 __________ . The problem has been made worse by deforestation, the process of clearing forests in order to create croplands or cattle ranches. III. Fill in each blank with the correct word below. There are three extra words. droughts famine sea life weather energy flooding extreme conditions forest The Expected Effects of Global Warming • A rise in sea levels, causing 1 __________ in coastal areas. • Higher sea surface temperatures, endangering 2 __________ . • The shrinking of glaciers, leading to a decrease in fresh water for rivers and less 3 __________ production. • A loss of tropical forests, an increase in arid lands, more 4 __________ fires, and a loss of animal and plant species. • A decrease in agricultural yields, leading to 5 __________ . IV. Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct word I phrase below. energy use endangered species carbon footprint climate change sea levels alternative sources greenhouse gases carbon emissions Why is global warming a problem? High levels of 1 __________ in the atmosphere lead to 2 __________ . The oceans and seas are getting warmer and the polar ice caps are melting. This causes the rise in 3 __________ , which threatens low coastal regions and islands. Furthermore, the weather is becoming more unpredictable, with severe storms and floods, or unexpected droughts. Another effect of global warming is a rise in the number of 4 __________ . Many animals and plants could become extinct if their natural habitats are changed. What can we do about it? Scientists now agree that there is an urgent need to cut down on 5 __________ across the world. Moreover, we need to develop 6 __________ of energy, such as wind, wave or solar power. For individuals, being a vegetarian reduces your 7 __________ (the amount of emissions caused one person’s lifestyle) because it can reduce 8 __________ . V. Match the words 1-5 with a-e. Write the answers in the blanks. 1. global _______________________ a. species 2. endangered _______________________ b. energy 3. solar _______________________ c. footprint 4. wind _______________________ d. warming 5. carbon _______________________ e. farm VI. Complete the sentences with the words in Exercise V. 1. I don’t want to live near a __________ . I think the turbines are ugly.
2. Our house gets electricity from __________ . The special panels are on the roof. 3. The world’s climate is getting hotter because of __________ . 4. Your __________ indicates how much CO 2 your lifestyle creates. 5. The Bengal tiger is one of the animals on the list of __________ . VII. Complete the text with the words given below. freeze fuels gases greenhouse heat trap The Greenhouse Effect What is like when you’re in a 1 __________ on a sunny day? It’s boiling hot. That’s because the sun’s rays 2 __________ the air there and the glass windows 3 __________ the heat inside. Outside, in the earth’s atmosphere, greenhouse 4 __________ such as carbon dioxide do the same job as the glass in the greenhouse. They keep our planet warm. Without them, we’d 5 __________ . However, too much of them and the opposite happens. Burning fossil 6 __________ such as oil and coal pollutes the earth’s atmosphere and makes the greenhouse effect worse. • Prepositions VIII. Complete each sentence with the correct preposition. 1. They will require car makers to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide __________ 30%. 2. The project’s impact __________ the environment should be minimal. 3. You can only achieve success __________ hard work. 4. We have added value __________ the information by organising it. 5. The rain didn’t stop us __________ enjoying the trip. 6. Recently there has been a rapid increase __________ fish farming. 7. They must be prepared to accept the consequences __________ their actions. 8. The use of CFCs was linked __________ the depletion of the ozone layer. 9. Try to keep a balance __________ your spending and your earnings. 10. The men came to remove the rubbish __________ the backyard. 11. There is no easy solution __________ this problem. 12. There has been no sign of progress __________ this issue. 5C. Grammar • Present participle and past participle clauses I. Complete the sentences with the present participle form of the verbs given. fly learn drive invent work leave study take 1. Before __________ on his trip, Tom renewed his passport. 2. After __________ the light bulb, Thomas Edison went on to create many other useful inventions. 3. Before __________ on a space mission, an astronaut will have undergone thousands of hours of training.
4. After __________ the stars, the ancient Mayans in Central America developed a very accurate solar calendar. 5. __________ that cigarettes cause cancer, many people have stopped smoking. 6. That medicine can be poisonous when __________ in excessive amounts. 7. He took a wrong direction while __________ to his uncle’s house and ended up back where he started. 8. __________ with uranium, Marie Curie discovered two new elements, radium and polonium. II. Reduce the adverb clause to a present participle or past participle clause. 1. Since he opened his new business, he has been working 16 hours a day. __________________________________________________________________________ ________ 2. I turned off the lights before I left the room. __________________________________________________________________________ ________ 3. While he was herding his goats in the mountains, an Ethiopian discovered the coffee plant more than 1,200 years ago. __________________________________________________________________________ ________ 4. Before they marched into battle, ancient Ethiopian soldiers ate a mixture of raw coffee beans and fat for extra energy. __________________________________________________________________________ ________ 5. After I met the film star in person, I understood why she was so popular. __________________________________________________________________________ ________ 6. I searched through all my pockets, so I found my keys. __________________________________________________________________________ ________ 7. When it was first brought to Europe, the tomato was thought to be poisonous. __________________________________________________________________________ ________ 8. Since it was first imported into Australia many years ago, the rabbit has become a serious pest because it has no natural enemies there. __________________________________________________________________________ ________ III. Reduce the adverb clause to a present participle clause if possible. 1. After the musician stopped playing, the audience stood up and clapped enthusiastically. __________________________________________________________________________ ________ 2. Since David was driving to work in the rain, his car got a flat tyre.