Title Cohesive-devices-exercise(1).docx ✅

Exercises 1. Reference What does it refer to in these short extracts: a noun phrase in the text or a situation? a. A pioneering 'school-based management' program in Miami-Dade Country's 260 schools has also put some budget salary and personnel decisions in the hands of local councils, composed largely of teachers. “It's a recognition that our voices and input are important”, says junior highschool teacher Ann Colman. => SITUATION b. Like the idea or deterring burglars with a big ferocious hound - but can’t stand dogs? For around £45 you can buy an automatic dog barking unn - Guard God, or the Boston Bulldog, both available by mail order from catalogues like the ones you're sent with credit card statements. You plug it in near the front door and its built-in microphone detects sharp noises. => NOUN PHRASES (From Mc Carthy, 1991) Pick out all the instances of text reference (endophoric reference) in these examples. a. At one point the Brundtland report states that 'The loss of plant and animal species can greatly limit the options of future generations; so sustainable development requires the conservation of plant and animal species'. What, all of them? At what price?... At another point the Brundtland report says that economic growth and development obviously involve changes in the physical ecosystem. 'Every ecosystem everywhere cannot be preserved intact: Well, that's a relief. But how can it be made consistent with the earlier objective? Does it mean that it is all right to deprive some people in some parts of the world of a piece of their ecosystem but not others? What justification is there for this discrimination? b. We asked Ruby to describe for us what life was like in the African Rilt Valley some 1500 generations ago. She replied that she had lived with a small group of about ten people: she indicated the number by holding up both hands with the fingers spread. They wandered the savanna during the day, looking for food, and sometimes met and socialised by the lake with other groups of hominids. It was during one such encounter that she met her mate, Klono. He wooed her by sharing with her a delicious baobab fruit. Explain how the demonstratives are used in the following examples.