Title 8 Assessment-Hand-outs-Echo.pdf ✅

DO NOT REPRODUCE. CONTROLLED COPY. Basic Concepts of Assessment TAME ✓ Test ✓ Assessment ✓ Measurement ✓ Evaluation What is a test? • An instrument or tool intended to gauge any trait, attribute, capacity, expertise, or ability • It comprised of items in the area it is designed to measure What is a measurement? • A process of quantifying the extent to which an individual possesses a particular trait, that is, a quality of characteristics or feature • Using a predetermined process or set of criteria to assign numerical values to a student's performance, product, skill, or behavior • Assigning numbers to the results of a test or other type of assessment (Tallying of scores) What is assessment? ✓ Assessment can be defined both as a product and a process. ✓ Gathering evidence of students’ learning Assessment as a product • It describes the tool used to get a student to produce a certain behavior, original performance, or output. Assessment as a process • Gathering, analyzing, and applying quantitative and qualitative data to support educators in making decisions about their curricula Hence, assessment is a prerequisite to evaluation. It provides the information which enables evaluation to take place What is evaluation? • It gives meaning to the numerical value. (Ex. Passed or failed) • A process of making judgments about the quality of a performance, product, skill, or behavior of a student. It involves determining worth or value based on some standard. It entails making decisions regarding the students' desired changes or qualities.
DO NOT REPRODUCE. CONTROLLED COPY. Classroom Assessment identifying, gathering, organizing, and interpreting data. Types of data 1. Qualitative- Names, smells, colors 2. Quantitative- Shoe size, weight, scores on exam Shift of Educational Focus from Content to Learning Outcomes Traditional Teacher • Sage on the stage • Dispenser of knowledge • Students here are passive (They are just listening to the teacher) Modern Teacher • 21st Century Teachers • Guide from the side • Facilitator • Students are active because they will explore, inquire, and investigate. OBE What does the term "Outcome-Based Education" really mean? Outcome-based education means focusing and organizing everything in an educational system around what is essential for all students to be able to do successfully at the end of their learning experiences. This means starting with a clear picture of what is important for students to be able to do, then organizing curriculum, instruction, and assessment to make sure this learning ultimately happens. The keys to having an outcome-based system are: 1) Developing a clear set of learning outcomes around which all of the system's components can be focused. 2) Establishing the conditions and opportunities within the system that enable and encourage all students to achieve those essential outcomes. What exactly are outcomes? Outcomes are clear learning results that we want students to demonstrate at the end of significant learning experiences. They are not values, beliefs, attitudes, or psychological states of mind. Instead, outcomes are what learners can do with what they know and have learned they are the tangible application of what has been learned. This means that outcomes are actions and performances that embody and reflect learner competence in using content, information, ideas, and tools successfully. Having learners do
DO NOT REPRODUCE. CONTROLLED COPY. important things with what they know is a major step beyond knowing itself. Two types of Outcomes 1. Immediate Outcome ✓ It is something that happens immediately or without delay. 2. Deferred Outcome ✓ Coined by Navarro ✓ refers to a result or effect that is postponed or delayed, often to a later time or after a certain condition is met. It is something that is not immediate and is experienced or observed at a later point in time. ✓ The same meaning as the Transformational OBE of Spady. (Ex. A Productive worker, Responsible Citizen) Steps in OBE 1. First, think of expected outcomes. 2. Design curriculum. 3. Teach with well-defined learning outcomes. 4. Assess students by learning outcomes. What are OBE's four principles? To put the two purposes and three premises into action, those who implement OBE deliberately and consistently guide what they do around four clear principles of decision-making and action. These four principles are the heart of OBE. Working together, they strengthen the conditions enabling students and teachers to be successful. OBE's "POWER" PRINCIPLES 1. CLARITY OF FOCUS on Culminating Exit Outcomes of Significance ✓ First, clarity of focus helps educators establish a clear picture of the learning they want students to exhibit in a performance demonstration. ✓ This first principle is the most important and fundamental of the four. Nothing can proceed in an authentically outcome-based way without it. 2. EXPANDED OPPORTUNITY and Support for Learning Success