Title StrucGeol - Practice Problem 4.1 Orthographic Projection.pdf ✅

Structural Geology Laboratory Manual CSU – Department of Geology 31 TOPIC 4: Solutions of Lines and Planes LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. Identify the components of the Attitude for linear and planar features and explain how they are related to one another. 2. Expound the relationship between Stereographic, Orthographic, and Mathematical equations in solving planar problems. 3. Demonstrate calculation of solutions using Stereographic, Orthographic, and Mathematical approach to planar problems. TIME ALLOTED 3 hours MATERIALS  Stereonet (Schmidt Net, Pens, pencils, ruler, protractor, triangles, calculator  Paper, graphing paper, tracing paper  Internet, Research articles and other reading materials INTRODUCTION Structural features such as faults and folds may be visualized as a Plane composed of Lines and Angles in a closed form. These linear and planar features are related, and we can derive mathematical postulates that is crucial in understanding the geometry of deformed planar rock bodies. This is helpful in various applications in geology and engineering, such as the continuity of vein deposits and coal seams, the contact between lithologies, the thickness of beds, and the finding the true plunge and angles. In this topic, we will be learning more on the geometry of structural planes and lines including directional orientations and angular relationships. It is important to review basic geometrical concepts and understand which components of the 3-dimensional block are related. With this, a good practice is to imagine how 3D objects can be created using Origami. In origami, or the Japanese art of folding paper to create sculptures from flat sheets of papers, the objective is to change the 2D geometry of a plane (sheet of paper) into a 3D object using folding techniques. Knowing which part of the paper are folded into specific orientations is key to the success of 3D to 2D translations. In fact, in structural geology, it is a good skill to imagine geologic structures such bedded strata, fault lines, or folded beds as planes and lines. More often, the skill of visualizing structures in 3-dimensions is a basic requirement, which is truly helpful in solving complex tectonic problems. The premise of structural geology that every block is interconnected and related to one another by some extent in terms of linear, planar, or angular relationships is key in understanding how to solve planar solutions in geology. Figure 19. “Visualizing” a vein deposit into a 2D planar structure.