Title Plant Physiology ✅

DwTM¢` kvixiZË¡  Practice Content 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plant Physiology DwTM¢` kvixiZË¡ Topicwise CQ Trend Analysis we.`a : 2020 mv‡j GBPGmwm cixÿv AbywôZ nqwb| Ávbg~jK cÖkœ I DËi 1. cywó Kx? DËit- DwTM¢`‡`‡ni e„w×, kvixwiK cwic~Y©Zv I ÿqc~i‡Yi Rb ̈ cÖ‡qvRbxq LwbR jeY cwi‡kvlY cÖwμqv n‡jv cywó| 2. wbw ̄Œq cwi‡kvlY Kx? DËit- wecvKxq kw3 e ̈q bv K‡i, e ̈vcb c×wZ‡Z †Kvl KZ...©K LwbR †kvl‡Yi c×wZ‡K e‡j wbw ̄Œq cwi‡kvlb| 3. mwμq cwi‡kvlY Kx? DËit- wecvKxq kw3i mnvqZvq NbZ¡μ‡gi weiæ‡× Avqb †kvlY cÖwμqv‡K e‡j mwμq cwi‡kvlY| 4. cÎiÜ« / †÷vgvUv Kx? DËit- cvZvi EaŸ© I wb¤œZ¡‡Ki GwcWvwg©‡m, KwPKv‡Û, dz‡ji e„wZ, cvcwo cÖf...wZ‡Z Aew ̄’Z `ywU iÿx‡Kvl w`‡q cwi‡ewóZ m~2 iÜ«‡K e‡j cÎiÜ« ev †÷vgvUv| 5. cÖ‡ ̄`^ b Kx? DËit- ‡h kixiZvwË¡K cÖwμqvq DwTM¢‡`i evqexq A1⁄2 n‡Z cvwb ev®úvKv‡i †ei n‡q hvq ZvB cÖ‡ ̄^`b| 6. cÎiÜ«xq cÖ‡ ̄`^ b Kx? DËit- ‡h cÖ‡ ̄^`b cÖwμqvq cÎi‡Ü«i ga ̈ w`‡q cvwb ev®úvKv‡i wbM©Z nq, ZvB cÎiÜ«xq cÖ‡ ̄^`b| 7. wKDwUKzjvi cÖ‡ ̄`^ b Kx? DËit- DwTM¢‡`i KvÛ ev cvZvi ewntZ¡K msjMœ wKDwUK‡ji gva ̈‡g cÖ‡ ̄`^ b cÖwμqv‡K e‡j wKDwUKzjvi cÖ‡ ̄`^ b| 8. †jw›UKzjvi cÖ‡ ̄^`b Kx? DËit- Kv‡Û Dcw ̄’Z †jw›U‡m‡ji gva ̈‡g cÖ‡ ̄`^ b cÖwμqv‡K e‡j †jw›UKzjvi cÖ‡ ̄^`b| 9. ‡jw›U‡mj Kx? DËit- wØexRcÎx Myj¥ ev Kvôj DwTM¢‡`i Kv‡Ûi Mv‡q _vKv †jÝ AvK...wZi ÿz`a ÿz`a wQ`a ̧‡jv‡K e‡j †jw›U‡mj| 10. Am‡gvwmm Kx? DËit- GKB `aveK wewkó `ywU wfbœ NbZ¡wewkó `aeY GKwU ˆelg ̈‡f` ̈ wSwjø Øviv cvkvcvwk c„_K _vK‡j †h cÖwμqvq Kg NbZ¡wewkó `aeY †_‡K `aveK AYy ̧‡jv †ewk NbZ¡wewkó `ae‡Y cÖ‡ek K‡i, ZvB Am‡gvwmm| 11. wWwdDkb Kx? DËit- ‡h cÖwμqvq w ̄’i Pvc I ZvcgvÎvq c`v‡_©i AYyM‡jv †ewk Nb GjvKv †_‡K Kg Nb GjvKvq hvq, ZvB wWwdDkb| 12. e ̈vcb Pvc Kx? DËit- GKB ZvcgvÎv I evqygÐjxq Pv‡c †Kv‡bv c`v‡_©i AwaKZi Nb ̄’vb †_‡K Kg Nb ̄’v‡bi w`‡K e ̈vwcZ nIqvi cÖ”Qbœ ÿgZv n‡jv e ̈vcb Pvc| 13. Awf ̄aewYK Pvc Kx? DËit- `ywU wfbœ NbZ¡wewkó `aeY GKwU ˆelg ̈‡f` ̈ wSwjø Øviv cvkvcvwk c„_K _vK‡j Kg NbZ¡wewkó `aeY †_‡K `aveK AYy ̧‡jv †ewk NbZ¡wewkó `ae‡Y cÖ‡ek †iva KiZ wSwjøi Dci †h Pvc c‡o ZvB Awf ̄aewYK Pvc| 14. cøvR‡gvjvBwmm Kx? DËit- mRxe †Kv‡l Af ̈šÍi ̄’ cvwb ewn:Awf ̄aeY cÖwμqvq evB‡i wbM©Z n‡j †Kv‡li †cÖv‡UvcøvR‡gi ms‡KvPb N‡U, GwUB cøvR‡gvjvBwmm| 15. UviwRwWwU Kx? DËit- AšÍ:Awf ̄aeY cÖwμqvq cvwb MÖn‡Yi d‡j †Kv‡li ùxwZ nIqvi Ae ̄’v‡K e‡j UviwRwWwU| 16. UviMvi ‡cÖkvi Kx? DËit- ‡Kv‡li Af ̈šÍ‡i cvwb cÖ‡e‡ki d‡j imùxwZi Rb ̈ †cav‡UvcøvRg KZ...©K w ̄’wZ ̄’vcK †KvlcÖvPx‡ii Dci †h Pv‡ci m„wó nq ZvB UviMvi †cÖkvi| UwcK 2016 2017 2018 2019 2021 2022 2023 ‡gvU DwTM¢‡`i LwbR jeY †kvlY cÖwμqv - - - - - 1 - 1 AvaywbK gZev`mn mwμq I wbw®Œq †kvlY cÖwμqv - - - - 3 - 2 5 wPÎ mn cÎi‡Ü«i MVb - - - 2 2 1 - 5 cÎiÜ« †Lvjv I eÜ nIqvi †KŠkj - - - - 2 3 - 5 cÎiÜ«xq cÖ‡ ̄^`b cÖwμqv 1 - 1 2 2 - 1 7 K ̈vjwfb Pμ Ges n ̈vP I ̄ø ̈vK Pμ - 2 - 3 6 5 4 20 mv‡jvKms‡kølY - 2 - 1 3 1 5 12 meZ k¦mb cÖwμqv 3 2 1 3 6 7 4 26 AevZ k¦mb cÖwμqv 1 1 - 1 4 - 2 9 wk‡í AevZ k¦m‡bi e ̈envi - - - - 3 2 - 5 09
DwTM¢` kvixiZË¡  Practice Content 2 17. cÎiÜ«xq Nwo Kx? DËit- wewfbœ iKg cvwicvwk¦©K Ae ̄’vq Ges w`b-iv‡Zi mg‡qi mv‡_ m¤úK© †i‡L cÎiÜ« GK mgq Lyj‡Z _v‡K, KL‡bv AvswkK ev c~Y© †Lvjv _v‡K, Avevi eÜ I nq| cÎi‡Üi« Giƒc RxešÍ Q›`‡K e‡j cÎiÜ«xq Nwo| 18. BgevBwekb Kx? DËit- ‡h cÖwμqvq DwTM¢` †`‡ni Kj‡qWag©x ﮋ ev AvswkK ﮋ c`v_© Zij c`v_© †kvlY K‡i ZvB BgevBwekb| 19. ev®úxfeY Kx? DËit- †Kv‡bv Db¥y3 ̄’vb †_‡K cvwb ev‡®ú cwiYZ nIqv‡K e‡j ev®úxfeY| 20. nvB‡WavwdwjK c`v_© Kx? DËit- ‡hme c`v_© cvwb ‡kvlY K‡i ùxZ nq, ZvB nvB‡Wva wdwjK c`v_©| 21. nvB‡Wav‡dvweK c`v_© Kx? DËit- ‡hme c`v_© cvwb weKl©x ZvB nvB‡Wav‡dvweK c`v_©| 22. mv‡jvKms‡klø Y Kx? DËit- ‡h kvixie„Ëxq cÖwμqvq ̄^‡fvRx Rx‡e m~h©v‡jv‡Ki Dcw ̄’wZ‡Z CO2 I cvwb n‡Z kK©iv RvZxq Lv` ̈ ˆZwi nq, ZvB mv‡jvKms‡klø Y| 23. †Kvqv‡›Uv‡Rvg Kx? DËit- _vBjvK‡qW ‡ggea‡b Aew ̄’Z ÿz`a ÿz`a `vbvi g‡Zv †h As‡k Av‡jvK wewμqv N‡U, ZvB †Kvqv‡›Uv‡Rvg| 24. d‡Uvwm‡÷g Kx? DËit- ‡K¬v‡ivwdj AYymgn~ Ges Zvi mv‡_ mswkøó B‡jKUab MÖnxZvmg~n GKmv‡_ GKwU BDwbU wnmv‡e KvR K‡i| G‡K e‡j d‡Uvwm‡÷g| 25. wewμqv ‡K›`a Kx? DËit- GK AYy Chl-a Ges Gi mv‡_ mswkøó †cÖvwUb wb‡q MwVZ †K›`a n‡jv wewμqv ‡K›`a| 26. Av‡jvKwbf©i ch©vq Kx? DËit- mv‡jvKms‡kølY cÖwμqvq †h ch©v‡q m~‡h©i Av‡jvKkw3 ivmvqwbK w ̄’wZkw3‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q ATP I NADPH+H+ G mÂvwiZ nq, ZvB Av‡jvKwbf©i ch©vq| 27. d‡Uvdm‡dvivB‡jkb Kx? DËit- Av‡jvi Dcw ̄’wZ‡Z dm‡dvivB‡jkb NU‡j Zv‡K e‡j d‡Uvdm‡dvivB‡jkb| 28. AvËxKiY kw3 Kx? DËit- Av‡jvK ch©v‡q CO2 AvËxKi‡Yi gva ̈‡g kK©iv cÖ ̄‘Z Ki‡Z ATP I NADPH + H+ Gi kw3 e ̈eüZ nq| GB ATP I NADPH + H+ ‡K e‡j AvËxKiY kw3| 29. ‡K‡gvwmbw_wmm Kx? DËit- eY© KwYKvwenxb wKQz e ̈vK‡Uwiqv H2S, NH3, CO BZ ̈vw`i Rvi‡Yi gva ̈‡g kw3 Drcv`b K‡i Ges H kw3i mnvqZvq CO2 ‡K weRvwiZ K‡i kK©iv RvZxq Lv` ̈ ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡i| G cÖwμqv‡K e‡j †K‡gvwmbw_wmm| 30. APμxq d‡Uvdm‡dvivB‡jkb Kx? DËit- ‡h d‡Uvdm‡dvivB‡jkb cÖwμqvq PS-II n‡Z Drcwÿß D”P kw3m¤úbœ B‡jKUba wewfbœ evn‡K Ny‡i †mLv‡b wd‡i bv wM‡q PS-I G P‡j Av‡m Zv‡K e‡j APμxq d‡Uvdm‡dvivB‡jkb| 31. Pμxq d‡Uvdm‡dvivB‡jkb Kx? DËit- ‡h d‡Uvdm‡dvevB‡jkb cÖwμqvq PS-I n‡Z Drwÿß D”P kw3m¤úbœ B‡jKUba wewfbœ evn‡K Ny‡i cybivq PS-I G wd‡i Av‡m Zv‡K e‡j Pμxq d‡Uvdm‡dvivB‡jkb| 32. d‡UvjvBwmm Kx? DËit- Av‡jvi Dcw ̄’wZ‡Z H2O ‡f‡1⁄2 O2, H+ ev 2H+ I e - Drcbœ nIqv‡K e‡j d‡UvjvBwmm| 33. d‡Uv‡imwc‡ikb Kx? DËit- Av‡jvi mnvqZvq O2 MÖnY Ges CO2 Z ̈vM Kivi cÖwμqv‡K e‡j d‡Uv‡imwc‡ikb| 34. C3 DwTM¢` Kx? DËit- ‡hme DwTM¢‡` C3 P‡μi gva ̈‡g CO2 AvËxKiY N‡U †m ̧‡jv‡K e‡j C3 DwTM¢`| 35. C4 DwTM¢` Kx? DËit- ‡hme DwTM¢` C4 P‡μi gva ̈‡g CO2 AvËxKiY N‡U e‡j †m ̧‡jv‡K e‡j C4 DwTM¢`| 36. μ ̈vÄ A ̈vbvUwg Kx? DËit- C4 DwTM¢‡`i cvZvi evuÛjmx‡_i Pviw`‡K wN‡i †g‡mvwdj †Kv‡li c„_K GK ev GKvwaK ̄Íi gvjvi g‡Zv Ae ̄’vb K‡i, G ai‡bi AšÍM©Vb‡K e‡j μ ̈vÄ A ̈vbvUwg| 37. wjwgwUs d ̈v±i Kx? DËit- hLb †Kv‡bv cÖwμqvi `aæZZv K‡qKwU c„_K d ̈v±i w`‡q cÖfvweZ nq †m‡ÿ‡Î wb¤œZg MwZm¤úbœ d ̈v±i w`‡qB cÖwμqvwUi nvi mxgve× nq| eø ̈vKg ̈vb Giƒc wb¤œiƒc MwZm¤úbœ d ̈v±iwU‡K wjwgwUs d ̈v±i bv‡g AwfwnZ K‡ib| 38. mv‡jvKms‡kølY nvi Kx? DËit- wbw`©ó mg‡q mv‡jvKms‡kølY cÖwμqvq kK©iv Drcv`‡bi mgq wbM©Z O2 Ges M„nxZ CO2 Gi cwigv‡Yi AbycvZ‡K e‡j mv‡jvKms‡kølY nvi| 39. k¦mb Kx? DËit- ‡h ‰Re ivmvqwbK cÖwμqvq O2 Gi Dcw ̄’wZ ev Abycw ̄’wZ‡Z †Kvl ̄’ RwUj ˆRe †hŠM RvwiZ nq Ges †hŠMw ̄’Z w ̄’wkw3‡K ivmvqwbK MwZkw3‡Z iƒcvšÍi K‡i| G‡K e‡j k¦mb| 40. k¦mwbK e ̄‘ Kx? DËit- k¦mb cÖwμqvq †hme e ̄‘ RvwiZ n‡q CO2 I kw3 Drcv`b K‡i Zv‡`i e‡j k¦mwbK e ̄|‘ 41. mevZ k¦mb Kx? DËit- ‡h k¦mb cÖwμqvq gy3 O2 Gi mnvqZvq k¦mwbK e ̄‘ (Møy‡KvR) m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c RvwiZ n‡q CO2, H2O I wecyj cwigvY kw3 Drcbœ nq, Zv‡K mevZ k¦mb e‡j| 42. MøvB‡KvjvBwmm Kx? DËit- k¦m‡bi †h ch©vq μwgK ivmvqwbK wewμqvq †Kv‡li mvB‡Uva cøvR‡g 1 AYy Møy‡KvR wewfbœ GbRvB‡gi Kvh©KvwiZvq †f‡1⁄2 2 AYy cvBiæwfK Gwm‡W cwiYZ nq, Zv‡K e‡j MøvB‡KvjvBwmm| 43. ‡μem Pμ Kx? DËit- k¦m‡bi †h RwUj cÖwμqv P‡μ A ̈vwmUvBj †Kv-G A·v‡jv A ̈vwmwUK Gwm‡Wi mv‡_ wewμqv K‡i CO2, cvwb cÖ ̄‘Z K‡i Ges Pμ‡k‡l A ̈vwmwUK GwmW cybt‰Zwi n‡q PμwU MwZkxj _v‡K, Zv‡K †μem Pμ e‡j| 44. TCA Cycle Kx? DËit- ‡μem P‡μ m„ó cÖ_g †hŠM mvBwUaK Gwm‡W wZbwU Kv‡e©vw·j (-COOH) MÖæc _v‡K| G‡K TCA Cycle e‡j| 45. TCA Cycle Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx? DËit- Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle. 46. wWKv‡e©vw·‡jkb Kx? DËit- †h cÖwμqvq CO2 wbM©Z ev AcmvwiZ nq Zv‡K e‡j wWKv‡e©vw·‡jkb| 47. Aw·‡WwUf dm‡dvivB‡jkb Kx? DËit- B‡jKUab cÖevnZ‡š¿ O2 Gi Dcw ̄’wZ‡Z ATP(ADP+Pi) ‰Zwii cÖwμqv‡K e‡j Aw·‡WwUf dm‡dvivB‡jkb| 48. AevZ k¦mb Kx? DËit- ‡h k¦mb cÖwμqvq gy3 O2 cÖ‡qvRb nq bv, ZvB AevZ k¦mb|
DwTM¢` kvixiZË¡  Practice Content 3 49. ETS Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx? DËit- Electron Transport System 50. ETS Kx? DËit- mevZ k¦m‡bi †h ch©v‡q NADPH+H+ , FADH2 n‡Z B‡jKUba wewfbœ evn‡Ki ga ̈ w`‡q ̄’vbvšÍwiZ nq Ges G ̄’vbvšÍ‡ii mgq ATP I H2O Drcbœ K‡i, Zv‡K e‡j ETS. 51. dv‡g©‡›Ukb Kx? DËit- ‡h cÖwμqvq O2 e ̈envi bv K‡i †Kv‡li evB‡i kK©iv RvZxq c`v_©‡K Am¤ú~Y©fv‡e RvwiZ K‡i A ̈vj‡Kvnj ev ‰Re GwmW ˆZwi nq, Zv‡K e‡j dv‡g©‡›Ukb| 52. k¦mwbK nvi Kx? DËit- wbw`©ó mg‡q k¦mb cÖwμqvq Rxe †h cwigvY CO2 Z ̈vM K‡i Ges †h cwigvY O2 MÖnY K‡i, Zvi AbycvZ‡K e‡j k¦mwbK nvi| 53. mve‡÷aU †j‡fj dm‡dvivB‡jkb Kx? DËit- hLb †Kv‡bv mve‡÷aU AYy †_‡K dm‡dUMÖæc mivmwi ADP Gi m‡1⁄2 hy3 n‡q bZzb ATP ‰Zwi nq, ZLb Zv‡K e‡j mve‡÷aU †j‡fj dm‡dvivB‡jkb| 54. wnj wewμqv Kx? DËit- wewa Uk cÖvY ivmvqbwe` iweb wnj me© cÖ_g cÖgvY K‡ib mv‡jvKms‡klø ‡Y wbM©Z O2 Aek ̈B H2O ‡_‡K Av‡m| wewμqvwU wZwb CO2 Gi Abycw ̄’wZ‡Z K‡ib| G wewμqvwU wnj wewμqv| 55. NADP Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx? DËit- Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate 56. ATP Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx? DËit- Adenosine Triphosphate 57. CAM Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx? DËit- Crassulacean Acid Metabolism 58. DwTM¢‡`i cÖavb Uav݇jv‡K‡UW myMvi Kx? DËit- my‡μvR| 59. FAD Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx? DËit- Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide 60. FMN Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx? DËit- Flavin Mononucleotide 61. Ggvimb cÖfve Kx? DËit- `ywU wfbœ Zi1⁄2‰`‡N ̈© i Av‡jvKiwk¥ cÖ‡qvM K‡i mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Yi nvi e„w×i NUbv‡K e‡j Ggvimb cÖfve| 62. d‡Uv A ̈vKwU‡fkb Kx? DËit- wcM‡g›U AYyi GKwU e – Av‡jvK kw3 †kvlY K‡i kw3K...Z nIqv‡K e‡j d‡UvA ̈vKwU‡fkb| 63. ADP Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx? DËit- Adenosine Diphosphate 64. K ̈vjwfb P‡μ CO2 MÖnxZv †KvbwU? DËit- RuBP 65. mv‡jvKms‡klø Y wewμqv wjL| DËit- 6CO2 + 12H2O m~h©v‡jvK ‡Kv¬ ‡ivwdj C6H12O6+6O2+6H2O 66. Photoauxotrophs Kx? DËit- wKQz ˆkevj ev Ab ̈vb ̈ DwTM¢` evB‡ii †_‡K wfUvwgb ev Ab ̈vb ̈ cÖ‡qvRbxq `ae ̈ hw` bv cvq Zvn‡j mv‡jvKms‡kølY nq bv G‡`i‡K e‡j Photoauxotrophs| 67. PQ Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx? DËit- Photosynthetic Quotient 68. PQ Kx? DËit- wbw`©ó mg‡q mv‡jvKms‡kølY cÖwμqvq O2 Ges CO2 Gi cwigv‡bi AbycvZ‡K e‡j PQ. 69. Proton-motive force Kx? DËit- †gg‡ea‡bi `yB cv‡k †cÖvU‡bi Nb‡Z¡i cv_©K ̈ Ges B‡jK‡Uav‡KwgK ̈vj cv_©K ̈ GKwU kw3 ˆZwi K‡i hv‡K e‡j Proton-motive force 70. Proton gradient Kx? DËit- †cÖvUb Nb‡Z¡i cv_©K ̈ †K e‡j Proton gradient. 71. RvB‡gvjwR Kx? DËit- weÁv‡bi †h kvLvq dv‡g©‡›Ukb m¤ú‡K© Aa ̈vqb Kiv nq, Zv‡K e‡j RvB‡gvjwR| 72. jvBU † ̄úKUavg Kx? DËit- `„k ̈gvb Av‡jvi mvZ e‡Y©i Av‡jvK”QUv‡K e‡j jvBU ‡ ̄úKUva g| 73. A ̈veRc©kb † ̄úKUva g Kx? DËit- ‡Kv‡bv e ̄‘i Ici cwZZ Av‡jvi ‡kvwlZ civgvYy‡K e‡j A ̈veRc©kb † ̄úKUavg | 74. _vBjvK‡qW Kx? DËit- ‡K¬v‡ivcøv‡÷i †÷avgv‡Z †h _‡j m`„k ̈ A1⁄2vYy _v‡K Zv‡K e‡j _vBjvK‡qW| 75. g ̈v‡μv‡gŠj Kx? DËit- ‡hme †gŠj AwaK cwigv‡Y DwTM¢`‡`‡n cÖ‡qvRb nq, ZvB g ̈v‡μv‡gŠj| 76. gvB‡μv‡gŠj Kx? DËit- ‡hme †gŠj Aí cwigv‡Y DwTM`¢ ‡`‡n cÖ‡qvRb nq, ZvB gvB‡μv‡gŠj| 77. jeY cwi‡kvlY Kx? DËit- DwTM¢‡`i ̄^vfvweK e„w× I cwic~Y© kvixwiK weKv‡ki Rb ̈ gvwU †_‡K Avqb wnmv‡e LwbR jeY †kvlY cÖwμqv n‡jv jeY cwi‡kvlb| 78. ‡dvUb KYv Kx? DËit- m~‡h©i DËß †K‡›`ai nvB‡Wav‡Rb cigvYy †_‡K wnwjqvg cigvYy‡Z iƒcvšÍ‡ii mv‡_ †h kw3 wewKwiZ nq, ZvB †dvUb KYv| 79. PS-I Kx? DËit- ‡h d‡Uvwm‡÷‡gi †K‡›`ai Chl-a AYywU 700nm Zi1⁄2‰`‡N© ̈i Av‡jvK AZ ̈šÍ cÖejfv‡e †kvlY K‡i ZvB PS-I 80. PS-II Kx? DËit- d‡Uvwm‡÷‡gi †K‡›`ai Chl-a AYywU 680nm Zi1⁄2‰`‡N© ̈i Av‡jvK AZ ̈šÍ cÖejfv‡e †kvlY K‡i ZvB PS-II 81. wd†qvdvBwUb Kx? DËit- wd‡qvdvBwUb n‡jv iƒcvšÍwiZ †Kv¬ ‡ivwdj a AYy| 82. cøv‡÷vKzBbb Kx? DËit- cøv‡÷vKzBbb n‡jv AwZ Pjbkxj wjwcW| 83. mvB‡Uv‡μvg Kx? DËit- mvB‡Uva ‡μvg n‡jv †jŠnNwUZ wng MÖæcwewkó †cÖvwUb| 84. ‡dwiWw·b Kx? DËit- ‡dwiWw·b n‡jv Fe-S ‡cÖvwUb| 85. cøv‡÷vmvqvwbb Kx? DËit- cøv‡÷vmvqvwbb n‡jv AZ ̈šÍ Pjbkxj GKwU ÿz`a †gg‡eab †cÖvwUb| 86. NADP wiWv‡±R Kx? DËit- NADP wiWv‡±R n‡jv GKwU d¬ ̈v‡fv‡cÖvwUb Ges evDÛ †Kv GbRvBg FAD| 87. Møy‡KvwbI‡R‡bwmm Kx? DËit- MøvB‡KvjvBwmm cÖwμqvi wecixZ c‡_ Møy‡KvR ‰Zwi nIqv‡K e‡j Møy‡KvwbI‡R‡bwmm|
DwTM¢` kvixiZË¡  Practice Content 4 88. Møy‡Kv‡R‡bvjvBwmm Kx? DËit- ‡h cÖwμqvq MøvB‡Kv‡Rb †_‡K Møy‡KvR ˆZwi nq ZvB Møy‡Kv‡R‡bvjvBwmm| 89. Av‡jvK k¦mb Kx? DËit- Av‡jvi mvnv‡h ̈ O2 MÖnY I CO2 Z ̈vM Kivi cÖwμqvB n‡jv Av‡jvK k¦mb| 90. DBjwUs Kx? DËit- AwaK cwigvY cvwb cÖ‡ ̄^`‡b †ei n‡q †M‡j AšÍ:Pvc K‡g MvQwU wb‡ ̄ÍR n‡q c‡o GwUB DBjwUs| 91. DwTM¢` kvixiZË¡ Kx? DËit- DwTM¢` weÁv‡bi †h kvLvq DwTM¢‡`i wewfbœ ˆRewbK ev kvixiZvwË¡K cÖwμqv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq, ZvB DwTM¢` kvixiZË¡| 92. Red Drop Kx? DËit- Robert Emerson Chlorella ‰kev‡j jÿ K‡ib †h, 680nm Zi1⁄2 ‰`‡N© ̈i †ewk Av‡jv‡Z mv‡jvKms‡klø ‡Yi nvi Kg‡Z _v‡K, G‡K wZwb †jvwnZ `y ̈wZ ev Red Drop bv‡g A ̈vL ̈v †`b| 93. Emerson Effect Kx? DËit- Robert Emerson I mnKg©xiv jÿ K‡ib †h, 680nm Zi1⁄2‰`‡N© ̈i †ewk I Kg Av‡jv GK mv‡_ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j mv‡jvKms‡klø ‡Yi nvi H `yB cÖKvi Av‡jvi c„_K mv‡jvKms‡klø ‡Yi nv‡ii †hvMd‡ji †P‡q †ewk nq| Zviv G‡K Emerson Effect e‡j A ̈vL ̈v †`b| 94. ‡cÖvUb cv¤ú Kx? DËit- ‡KvlwSwjøi †fZ‡ii Z‡ji w`‡K ATP-ase GbRvB‡gi wμqvq ATP ‡f‡1⁄2 kw3 wbM©Z nq| hvi cÖfv‡e †cÖvUb (H + ) ‡Kv‡li evB‡i wbwÿß nq| GwU †cÖvUb cv¤ú| 95. nvB‡Wv‡_vW Kx? DËit- cvZvi AMÖcÖv‡šÍ Aew ̄’Z cvwb ewntÿiYKvix wQ`ac_‡KB e‡j nvB‡Wv‡_vW| 96. ‡K¬v‡ivwdj Kx? DËit- ‡K¬v‡ivwdj n‡jv meRy DwTM¢‡`i †K¬v‡ivcøv‡÷ Aew ̄’Z mv‡jvKms‡klø YKvix cÖavb iÄK c`v_©| 97. iÿx‡Kvl Kx? DËit- cÎiÜ«‡K †eób K‡i Aa©P›`avKvi ev e„°vKvi †h `ywU †Kvl _v‡K ZvB iÿx‡Kvl| 98. Avqb G·‡PÄ gZev` Kx Kx? DËit- CO2 G·‡PÄ gZev`, KbU ̈v± G·‡PÄ gZev`| 99. AevZ k¦m‡bi ivmvqwbK wewμqv wjL| DËit- C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + 20 KJ Abyavebg~jK cÖ‡kœi DËi 1. Aw·‡WwUf d‡Uvdm‡dvivB‡jkb ej‡Z wK eyS? DËit- mevZ k¦m‡b e – Uva ݇cvU© wm‡÷‡gi gva ̈‡g GK †Rvov e – D”P kw3gvÎv n‡Z wb¤œ kw3gvÎvq μgvš^‡q ̄’vbvšÍwiZ nq| B‡jKUa‡bi G ̄’vbvšÍ‡ii mgq †h kw3 wbM©Z nq Zv w`‡q ADP Gi mv‡_ BbAM©vwbK dm‡dU (Pi) mshy3 n‡q ATP ‰Zwi K‡i| ETS-G ATP ‰Zwii cÖwμqv‡K ejv nq Aw·‡WwUf d‡Uvdm‡dvivB‡jkb| 2. C4 DwTM¢`‡K DbœZ g‡b Kiv nq †Kb? DËit- C4 DwTM¢‡` GKB mv‡_ n ̈vP I ̄ ̈ø vK Pμ Ges K ̈vjwfb Pμ DfqB cwiPvwjZ nq| evÛjwm_ †Kv‡l CO2 Gi Afve nq bv| ZvB †Kv‡bv d‡Uv‡imwc‡ikb nq bv| d‡j CO2 weRviY nvi AwaK nIqvi C4 DwTM¢‡`i mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Yi nvi †ewk Ges Drcv`b ÿgZvI †ewk| GRb ̈ C4 DwTM¢`‡K DbœZ g‡b Kiv nq| 3. TCA Pμ ej‡Z Kx eyS? DËit- ‡μem Pμ‡K TCA Pμ ejv nq| KviY GB P‡μi cÖ_g Drcvw`Z †hŠMwU mvBwUaK GwmW nIqvq G‡K mvBwUaK GwmW PμI ejv nq| mvBwUaK Gwm‡W wZbwU Kv‡e©vw·j (–COOH) MÖæc _vKvq G‡K eZ©gv‡b UavB Kv‡e©vw·wjK GwmW Pμ ev TCA Pμ ejv nq| 4. ATP ‡K ˆRegy`av ejv nq †Kb? DËit- ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) GKwU D”P kw3m¤úbœ ivmvqwbK c`v_©| Rxe‡Kv‡l ivmvqwbK kw3i Drm wnmv‡e ATP KvR K‡i| ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate) Gi mv‡_ GKwU A‰Re Pi hy3 n‡q GKwU ATP ‰Zwi nq| ADP + Pi ATP ase ATP + H2O Av‡jvK †kvl‡Yi d‡j ch©vß e – GbvwRi© mnvqZvq ATP-ase GbRvBg Gi Kvh©KvwiZvq ADP Gi mv‡_ Pi hy3 n‡q ATP ‰Zwi nq| GKwU ATP AYy‡Z cÖPzi kw3 _v‡K| cÖ‡qvR‡b ATP Gi gRy`K...Z kw3 †Kv‡li wewfbœ wewμqvi Rb ̈ mieivn K‡i| ZvB ATP ‡K ˆRegy`av ev kw3 gy`av ejv nq| 5. MøvB‡KvjvBwmm †K EMP c_ ejv nq †Kb? DËit- ‡h ch©vqμwgK ivmvqwbK wewμqvq GK AYy Møy‡KvR wewfbœ cÖKvi GbRvB‡gi Kvh©KvwiZvq †f‡1⁄2 `yB AYy cvBiæwfK Gwm‡W cwiYZ nq, Zv‡K MøvB‡KvjvBwmm e‡j| Rvg©vbx weÁvbx Gustove George Embden, Oho Meyerhof Ges Jakob Karol Parnas KZ...©K MøvB‡KvjvBwm‡mi wewμqv ̧‡jv Avwe®‹...Z n‡qwQj| GRb ̈ Zv‡`i bvgvbymv‡i MøvB‡KvjvBwmm‡K ms‡ÿ‡c EMP c_ ejv nq| 6. C3 I C4 DwTM¢` ej‡Z Kx eyS? DËit- K ̈vjwfb P‡μi cÖ_g ̄’vqx c`v_© n‡jv 3-Kve©bwewkó 3- dm‡dvwMømvwiK GwmW| K ̈vjwfbP‡μi 1g ̄’vqx c`v_© 3 Kveb© wewkó e‡j G Pμ‡K C3 Pμ I ejv nq| Avi Av‡jvK wbi‡cÿ Aa ̈v‡q †hme DwTM¢‡` ïay C3 Pμ P‡j Zv‡`i‡K C3 DwTM¢` e‡j| Aciw`‡K n ̈vP I ̄ø ̈vK P‡μi cÖ_g ̄’vqx c`v_© 4- Kveb© wewkó A·v‡jv A ̈vwmwUK GwmW| n ̈vP I ̄ø ̈vK P‡μi 1g ̄’vqx c`v_© 4-Kve©bwewkó e‡j G Pμ‡K C4 PμI ejv nq| Avi †hme DwTM¢‡` C4 Pμ P‡j Zv‡`i‡K C4 DwTM¢` e‡j| 7. wjwgwUs d ̈v±i ej‡Z Kx eSy ? DËit- 1905 mv‡j Blackman, Law of Minimum Gi Dci wfwË K‡i mxgve×Zvi d ̈v±i m~Î cÖ ̄vÍ e K‡ib| Zvi g‡Z †Kv‡bv wewμqv GKvwaK cÖfveK Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡j me©v‡cÿv Kg gvÎvi cÖfveK Øviv wewμqvi nvi wba©vwiZ nq| Blackman Kg gvÎvi cÖfveKwU‡K limiting factor ev mxgv wba©viYKvix cÖfveK bv‡g AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb| †hgb: ZvcgvÎv mv‡jvKms‡kølY cÖwμqv wbqš¿YKvix GKwU d ̈v±i| 8. d‡Uvdm‡dvivB‡jkb ej‡Z Kx eyS? DËit- ‡Kv‡bv †hŠ‡Mi mv‡_ A‰Re dm‡dU hy3 nIqvi cÖwμqv‡K dm‡dvivB‡jkb e‡j| Av‡jvi Dcw ̄’wZ‡Z dm‡dvivB‡jkb NU‡j Zv‡K d‡Uvdm‡dvivB‡jkb e‡j| A_©vr mv‡jvK‡køl‡Yi mgq Av‡jvKkw3i mnvqZvq ADP I A‰Re dm‡dU Gi mgš^‡q ATP m„wói cÖwμqv‡K d‡Uvmd‡dvivB‡jkb e‡j| weÁvbx Arnon I Zvi mnKvixe„›` 1957 mv‡j d‡Uvdm‡dvivB‡jkb Avwe®‹vi K‡ib| d‡Uvdm‡dvivB‡jkb `yB cÖKvi| (K) Pμxq (L) APμxq d‡Uvdm‡dvivB‡jkb| GbRvBg Møy‡KvR B_vbj