Title STD9_SS1_U2_ENG IDEAS AND EARLY STATES.pdf ✅

• Mahayana 21.Buddhism has made many contributions to the culture of India.Write one among them? • The working of the 'Sangha' helped to inculcate the sense of democracy and values in the society. 22. What can we learn from the ‘Digha Nikaya’ about the administrative system of Vajji at that time? • Decisions were taken jointly through discussions • Work together • Elders are respected, supported and listened to carefully; • Women live freely; • Places of worship in villages and cities exist; • People of different faiths can move about freely and are respected 23.Who were known as 'Jana'? • The tribes of the Vedic period were known as 'Jana'. 24.What do you meant by Janapadas? • As agriculture became videspread, Jana began to settle down permanently in different places. These came to be known as "Janapadas." 23.What are the changes referred to as 'second urbanisation,' by historians? • Agricultural surplus production in the Janapadas led to the growth of trade as well as the development of towns. • Along with trade, towns became manufacturing centres for different crafts. • The inextricable relationship with agriculture and the soil started during this time gave rise to the view of one's own land. 24.Write short note on Administrative System in the Mahajanapadas? • Anefficient system of tax collection and a standing army developed during this time. • 'Bali,'Bhaga' types of taxes introduced • . Grains and cattle were mainly paid as tax. • Those who lived in the forests paid forest produce as taxes • Artisans worked for the king on fixed days. • The work Satapathabralumana mentions Senani, Purohita and Gramani who assisted the king. • Mahajanapadas had forts and capital cities. 25.The sixteen Mahajanapadas were constantly engaged in wars for dominance. Magadha was the ultimate winner. Justify with reasons • Magadha was a fertile region with good rainfall. • Large deposits of iron ore • The iron needed for tools and weapons was readily available. • Elephants were an important factor in wars in those days. • Elephants were available in large numbers in the forests of Magadha. This ensured Magadhan victory in battles. • The Ganga and its tributaries provided easy transportation of goods. 26.Name the efficient rulers of Magadha ?