Title 106 - Introduction to Academic Writing - Alice Oshima.pdf ✅

Introduction to Academic Writing THIRD EDITION Alice Oshima Ann Hogue -••• IIIIIIW ••• -
Introduction to Academic Writing, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording. or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Pearson Education, 10 Bank Street, White Plains, NY 10606 Staff credits: The people who made up the lmroduction to Academic Writing team, representing editorial, production. design. and manufacturing, are: Rhea Banker. Wendy Campbell. Elizabeth Carlson, Gina DiLillo, Christine Edmonds, Laura Le Drean. Linda Moser, and Edith Pullman. Cover design: Jill Lehan Cover images: (left) Gianni Dagli Orti/Corbis. (right) Computer circuit board, close-up (digital composite) by Jan Franz. Collection: Stone. Getty Images. Text composition: Integra Text font: 11.5/13 Times Roman IJiustrator credits: Steve Attoe (29, 81, 95, 99, 114); Steve Schulman ( 108) Photo credits: p. 1 Gianni Dagli Orti/Corbis; p. 2 Image Source/Alamy; p. 10 Ethan Miller/Reuters/Corbis; p. 23 Roger Ressmeyer/Corbis; p. 26 Robert van der Hilst/Corbis; p. 37 Tomi/Photolink/Getty Images; p. 48 Blickwinkei/Alamy; p. 55 Birgid Allig/Getty Images; p. 60 Elizabeth A. Whiting/Corbis; p. 67 Rollie Rodriguez/Alamy; p. 76 Andrew Fox/Corbis; p. 86 Royalty-Free/Corbis; p. 94 Tom Stewart/Corbis; p. 103 Bellmann/Corbis; p. 108 TRBfoto/Getty Images; p. 122 (left) Tom & Dee Ann McCarthy/Corbis; p. 122 (right) WorldFoto/Alarny; p. 125 Jerry Pinkney/National Geographic Image Collection; p. 129 Paul Almasy/Corbis; p. 140 Bettmann/Corbis; p. 145 Bettmann/Corbis; p. 146 Martin Philbey/ ZUMA/Corbis: p. 168M. Thomsen/zefa/Corbis Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hogue, Ann. Introduction to academic writing/Ann Hogue. Alice Oshima.-3rd ed. p. ern. Includes index. ISBN 0-13-193395-7 (student book: alk. paper) - ISBN 0-13-241028-1 (answer key: alk. paper) I. English language-Rhetoric-Handbooks. manuals. etc. 2. English language-Grammar-Handbooks, manuals. etc. 3. English language-Textbooks for foreign speakers. 4. Academic writing-Handbooks, manuals, etc. 5. Report writing-Handbooks, manuals. etc. I. Oshima, Alice. II. Title. PEI408.072 2007 808'.042-dc22 2006025633 LONGMAN ON THE WEB Longman.com offers online resources for teachers and students. Access our Companion Websites, our online catalog, and our local offices around the world. Visit us at longman.com. Printed in the United States of America 4 5 6 7 8 9 10-VHG-10 09 08 07
Contents Preface ................... ................ ........................ ix Acknowledgments ......... ................ ......................... xii PARTl THE PARAGRAPH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chapter 1 Paragraph Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 What Is Academic Writing? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Paragraph Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Model: Handwritten Assignment Introducing Myse(f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Model: Computer-Written Assignment Introducing Myself.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Capitalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Capitalization Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Sentence Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 Model: Sentence Structure A Person Who Has Made a Difference: George Lucas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 Simple Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II Subject-Verb Agreement ........ ............... . ..... . . . ... ... . . ...... ll Fragments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 The Writing Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Step I Prewriting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Step 2 Organizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Step 3 Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Step 4 Polishing: Revising and Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Review .......... ........ ......... ........ ............................... 21 Writing Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Chapter 2 Narrative Paragraphs ......... . ................ 23 Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Model: Narrative Paragraph Earthquake! .... . ...... . ... . . . ......... . . . .... 24 Time Order ... . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . ... . . . . ....................... . ...... 24 Time Order Signals .......... . ............... . .......... . ........ 25 Sentence Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Model: Compound Sentences Omusubi Kororin . . ...... . . . ..... . ...... . ..... 29 Compound Sentences with and, but, so, and or ............. . . . . ....... . .... 30 Coordinating Conjunctions . . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . .......... 30 iii
Contents Punctuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Three Comma Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 The Writing Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Freewriting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Model: Freewriting A Memorable Event in My Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Review ........... .......... ............................................. 35 Writing Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Chapter 3 Paragraph Structure ....... .................... 37 Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Three Parts of a Paragraph ........ . .......... . ...... ...... . ............. 38 Model: Three Parts of a Paragraph A Hawaiian. Wedding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 The Topic Sentence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Supporting Sentences ...... . .... . ............ . ... . .. . . . . . . . . . ... ...... 44 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 The Concluding Sentence .... ...... . ............. . . . . ... . . . . . . ....... 47 Punctuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Apostrophes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 The Writing Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Outlining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Model: Detailed Outline Music Styles and Fashion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Review .... . ......... ......................... . ..... . ................. .. 56 Writing Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Summary Writing I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Chapter 4 Descriptive Paragraphs ......... ............... 60 Organization ............... . . . . ............. ..... ..... . . . . ....... . ...... . 61 Model: Descriptive Paragraph The Stairway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Spatial Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Spatial Order Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Topic Sentences for Descriptive Paragraphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Supporting Sentences for Descriptive Paragraphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Model: Descriptive Details My Banana Garden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Paragraph Unity ... . ............. . ............... . ... . ....... . ........ 67 Sentence Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Model: Compound Sentences Supai Village . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Compound Sentences with yet,for, and nor .............................. .. 69 Varying �entence Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 The Writing Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Clustering ........... . .................... . .......... . ....... . . . . . . . . 72 Model: Clustering A Place from My Childhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Review ........... . ... . .............. . ............... ................... 73 Skill Sharpeners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Writing Assignment ... . .......... ·. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75