Title NCM 113 MIDTERMS ✅

NCM 113 BY TONS and MADS Population composition ● population is characterized in relation to certain variables such as age, sex occupation or educational level ● nurse utilizes data on age & sex composition to decide who among the population groups merits attention in terms of health services and programs ● Sex composition ○ compute for the sex ratio ○ sex ratio compares the number of males to the number of females in the population ○ sex ratio represents the number of males for every 100 females in the population ○ Sex ratio = (number of males/number of females)x100 ● Age Composition ○ Median age divides the population into two equal parts ○ Median age = average age of the total population ○ Dependency ratio = (total population of 0-14 and >65 age group / total population of 15 - 64 age group) x100 ○ If median age is 18: half of population belongs to >10 years, other half belongs to ages below 19 years old ● Age and Sex composition ○ Steps in constructing the pyramid: ■ Compute percentage of population in each age-sex group using total population as de nominator ■ Each age group is represented by a horizontal bar. The first bar represents the youngest age group and drawn at the base of the pyramid ■ The bars for males are presented on the left side of central vertical axis; bars for females on the right ■ Length of each bar corresponds to percent of the population falling in the specific age and sex group ● Dependency Ratio ○ Compares the number of economically dependant with the stay productive groups in the population ○ Economically dependent: 0-14 and >65 age groups ○ Economically productive: 15 to 64 age group ○ Dependency ratio represents number of economically dependent for every 100 economically productive Population Distribution ● Distribution of population in space described in terms of urban-rural distribution, population density, crowding index ● Help nurse decide how meager resources can be justifiably allocated based on concentration of population ○ Urban-rural distribution: proportion of the people living in urban compared to the rural areas ○ Crowding index: dividing the number of persons in a household with number of rooms used by the family for sleeping. ■ B High crowding index gres implication to the ease by which communicable disease transmitted from one host to another susceptible host in household ○ Population density: determines how congested a place is and provides implications in terms of the adequacy of basic health services present in the community. ■ Dividing number of people living in a given land area Health Indicators ● Quantitative measures usually expressed as ratios or proportions that describe & summaries various aspects of the health status of the population ● used to determine factors that my corvette to a causation & control of diseases ● indicates priorities for resource monitors implementation of health programme, evaluates outcomes of health programs HEALTH STATISTICS ● A tool in estimating-the extent or magnitude of health needs problems in the community. ● Community - group of people w/ common characteristics or /interest living together within a territory or geographical boundary Health Statistical Indicators - to simplify analysis of health status of each individual's in certain population group 1. Fertility Rates a.Crude Birth Rate = (number of live births/midyear population) x 1000 b.General Fertility Rate =(number of live births/Midyear population women (15-44 years of age) ) x 1000 2. Morbidity Rates a.Incidence Rate = (# new cases of disease developing from a period of time / population at risk of developing the disease) X 1000 b.Prevalence Rate = (# old & new cases of a disease / population examined) X 1000 3. Mortality Rates a.Crude Death Rate = (number of deaths / midyear population) x 1000 b.Infant Mortality Rate = (deaths under 1 year of age / number of live births) x 1000 c.Maternal Mortality Rate = (number of deaths due to pregnancy / number of live births) x 1000 d.Specific Mortality Rate = (number of deaths in specified group / midyear population of same specified group) x 1000 EPIDEMIOLOGY ● occurrence health and conditions such or as disease, death, disabilities deformities on human populations ● concerned with the study of probable factors that influence the development of these health conditions ● study of DISTRIBUTION & DETERMINANTS of health related states or events in specified populations, and application of this study to the prevention and control of health problems I2