Title 2000-THE ULTIMATE PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION LET REVIEWER March 2019.pdf ✅

MARCH, 2019 – LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR TEACHERS 1 The ULTIMATE PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION LET REVIEWER 2019 Edition INTRODUCTION TO PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION Professional Education is a formalized approach to specialized training in a professional school through which participants acquire content knowledge and learn to apply techniques. Although content is what the participant is expected to learn by attending professional school, such an education also helps the participant acquire the competencies needed for proper practice and behavior. Some common goals of professional education include incorporating the knowledge and values basic to a professional discipline; understanding the central concepts, principles, and techniques applied in practice; attaining a level of competence necessary for responsible entry into professional practice; and accepting responsibility for the continued development of competence. It is designed to produce responsible professionals and then to ensure their continuing competence in the profession by helping them recognize and understand the significance of advancing professional knowledge and improving standards of practice. It involves the translation of learning to practice and is intended to prevent occupations and professionals from becoming obsolete. PROMINENT PHILOSOPHERS and THEORISTS Wilhelm Wundt is the Father of Modern Psychology, was a German physician, physiologist, philosopher, and professor, known today as one of the founding figures of modern psychology. Wundt, who noted psychology as a science apart from philosophy and biology, was the first person ever to call himself a psychologist. Sigmund Freud is the Father of Psychoanalysis and Psychosexual Theory. He was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst. Freud was born to Galician Jewish parents in the Moravian town of Freiberg, in the Austrian Empire. Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi is the Father of Modern Education. He was a Swiss pedagogue and educational reformer who exemplified Romanticism in his approach. He founded several educational institutions both in German- and French-speaking regions of Switzerland and wrote many works explaining his revolutionarymodern principles of education.
MARCH, 2019 – LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR TEACHERS 2 The ULTIMATE PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION LET REVIEWER 2019 Edition Ivan Pavlov is the proponent of classical conditioning theory and he was a Russian physiologist known primarily for his work in classical conditioning. From his childhood days Pavlov demonstrated intellectual curiosity along with an unusual energy which he referred to as "the instinct forresearch". Inspired by the progressive ideas whichD. I. Burrhus Frederic Skinner is the proponent for operant conditioning (Instrument), commonly known as B. F. Skinner, was an American psychologist, behaviorist, author, inventor, and social philosopher. He was the Edgar Pierce Professor of Psychology atHarvardUniversity from 1958 until his retirement in 1974. Edward Lee Thorndike is the proponent for the Laws of Learning (law of readiness, law of exercise & law of effect). He was an American psychologist who spent nearly his entire career at Teachers College, Columbia University. His work on comparative psychology and the learning process led to the theory of connectionism and helped lay the scientific foundation for educational psychology. AlbertBandurais the proponentfor social cognitive learning theory (Modelling), he was a Canadian- American psychologist who is the David Starr Jordan Professor Emeritus of Social Science in Psychology at StanfordUniversity. DavidAusubelwas an American psychologist. His most significant contribution to the fields of educational psychology, cognitive science, and science education learning was on the development and research on advance organizers since 1960 and the proponentfor his Meaningful Learning Theory. Jerome Bruner is responsible for human cognitive psychology and cognitive learning theory in educational psychology. He was an American psychologist who made significant contributions to human cognitive psychology and cognitive learning theory in educational psychology. Bruner was a senior research fellowattheNew YorkUniversity School of Law. Kurt Levin mastered Life Space Concept, known as one of the modern pioneers of social, organizational, andappliedpsychologyintheUnitedStates.The approach, developed by Kurt Lewin, is a significant contribution to the fields of social science, psychology, social psychology, organizational development, process management, and change management. His theorywas expanded by JohnR.P. Frenchwhorelatedittoorganizational andindustrial settings. Wolfgang Kohler specialized in Insight Learning or Problem Solving by Insight, was a German psychologist and phenomenologist who, like Max Wertheimer,
MARCH, 2019 – LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR TEACHERS 3 The ULTIMATE PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION LET REVIEWER 2019 Edition and Kurt Koffka, contributed to the creation of Gestalt psychology. Insight learning is perhaps the greatest contribution Wolfgang Kohler made to psychology. Building offthe influence ofGestalt psychology,Kohlerdiscovered that learning can occur when we gain insight into an entire situation, as opposed to focusingonlyonan individual part. Urie Bronfenbrenner - Ecological Systems Theory. (1917-2005) developed the ecological systems theory to explain how everything in a child and the child's environment affects how a child grows and develops. He labeled different aspects or levels of the environment that influence children's development, including the: Microsystem. He was a Russian-born American developmental psychologist who most was known for his ecological systems theory of child development. His scientific work and his assistance to the United States government helped in the formation ofthe Head Start program in 1965. Sandra Bem - Gender Schema Theory. He was an American psychologist known for her works in androgyny and gender studies. Her pioneering work on gender roles, gender polarization and gender stereotypes led directly to more equal employmentopportunitiesforwomenintheUnitedStates. Howard Gardner - Theory of Multiple Intelligence. He believed that the conventional concept of intelligence was too narrow and restrictive and that measures of IQ often miss out on other "intelligences" that an individual may possess. He was an American developmental psychologist and the John H. and Elisabeth A. Hobbs Professor of Cognition and Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education atHarvardUniversity. Elliot Turiel – Domain Based Moral Education and was an American psychologist and Chancellor’s ProfessorattheGraduateSchoolofEducationattheUniversity of California, Berkeley. He teaches courses on human development and its relation to education. Robert J. Sternberg - Triarchic Theory of Intelligence. These three examples exemplify Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory on intelligence. The triarchic theory describes three distinct types of intelligence that a person can possess. Sternberg calls these three types practical intelligence, creative intelligence, and analytical intelligence. He was an American psychologist and psychometrician. He is Professor of Human Development at Cornell University. Prior to joining Cornell, Sternberg was president of the University of Wyoming.
MARCH, 2019 – LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR TEACHERS 4 The ULTIMATE PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION LET REVIEWER 2019 Edition Lawrence Kohlberg - Moral Development Theory. The Theory of Moral Developmentis a very interesting subject that stemmed from Jean Piaget's theory of moral reasoning. Developed by psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, this theory made us understand that morality starts from the early childhood years and can be affected by several factors. He was an American psychologist best known for his theory of stages of moral development. He served as a professor in the Psychology Department at the University of Chicago and at the Graduate School of Education at Harvard University. Erik Erikson - Psychosocial Development Theory. He was a German-American developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst known for his theory on psychological developmentof humanbeings. He may be mostfamous for coining the phrase identity crisis. His son, Kai T. Erikson, is a noted American sociologist. Maria Montessori - Montessori Method, Transfer of Learning. She was an Italian physician and educator best known for the philosophy of education that bears her name, and her writing on scientific pedagogy. Montessori is a method of education that is based on self-directed activity, hands-on learning and collaborative play. In Montessori classrooms children make creative choices in their learning, while the classroom and the teacheroffer age-appropriate activities to guide the process. Edward Paul Torrance - Creativity Problem Solving and considered to be the Father of Creativity. He was an American psychologist from Milledgeville, Georgia. After completing his undergraduate degree at Mercer University, Torrance acquired a Master's degree at the University of Minnesota and then a doctorate from the UniversityofMichigan.Histeachingcareerspannedfrom1957to1984. Avram Noam Chomsky - Linguistic (Language) Acquisition Device (LAD). He was an American linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, historian, and social critic. Sometimes described as "the father of modern linguistics", Chomsky is also a major figure in analytic philosophy and one of the founders of the field of cognitive science. Noam Chomsky is a contemporary psychologist, linguist, and political activist known both for his theory of innate grammar and for his political activism. Jean Piaget - Cognitive Development Theory. He was famous through a series of stages, Piaget proposed four stages of cognitive development: the sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational period. He was a Swiss psychologist known for his work on child development.