Title NCM 113 MIDTERMS- RLE ✅

NCM 113 MIDTERMS RLE BY TONS AND MADS tpassage of the baby. It also allows for the passage of the menstrual fluid from the uterus. The sperm needs to travel through the cervix in order to reach the uterus ● Vagina - During childbirth, baby passes through;Birth canal PURPOSES 1.To Determine the presentation and position a.Facing backward head first (vertex) - normal position and presentation b.Facing forward - abnormal position c.Abnormal Positions: Face Brow Breech Shoulder d.Toward the end of the pregnancy, the fetus position into position for delivery. e.Ideally for labor, baby is positioned head-down, facing back, with tchin tucked to its chest and the back of the head ready to enter pelvis (cephalic presentation) f. Most babies settle into this position with the 32nd and 36th week of pregnancy. 2.To know if more than one fetus is present and moving ● Twins with separate placentas ● Twins with shared placenta 3.To correspond uterine size and fundal height to the gestational age of the fetus Fundal height correspond to gestational age of fetus and, start from the symphysis pubis up to the fundus, use centimeter ● 12 centimeter =12 weeks in gestational age ● Umbilical 20cm ● Different landmarks of measurement according to the fundal height of the abdomen. Maternal Pelvis Different types of Pelvis ● Gynecoid- almost round brim and low permit. passage of an average sized baby with least amount of trauma to the mother and a baby in a normal circumstances. ● Android - female pelvis with masculine feature, wedge or heart-shaped inlet caused by prominent sacrum in triangular anterior segment; reduced pelvis outlet often cause problem during childbirth. ● Anthropoid - Oval shape with greater anteroposterior diameter. It has a straight wall, a small suprapubic art with a large sacro sciatic notch. The sciatic spine are placed widely apart, and the sacrum it's usually straight, Resulting in a deep nonobstructed pelvis. ● Platypelloid - kidney shaped brim and pelvic cavity is usually shallow and maybe narrowed in Antero posterior front to back diameter. The outlets usually roomy. during labor, the baby may have difficulty entering pelvis, but once in there should be no further difficulty. 4.To know if the presenting part is engaged a.station - location or position. b.Fetal Station - where babies presenting part is located in pelvis c. structure closest to the exit of uterus or cervix, particularly internal of cervix. d.landmark = ischial spine = zero point = baseline (located in the pelvis) e.how much the baby is engaged f. If above, measure as minus; below as plus sign. - If measurement between + 4 or +5, that means the presenting part of the baby is engaged. Positions (Applicable Terms) Fetal Position - relationship of part of the fetus that presents in the pelvis to the four quadrants of the maternal pelvis ● identified by initial L(left), R(right), A(anterior), P(posterior) ● Presenting part identified by O (occiput), M (mentum) the protruding part, and S (sacrum). ● ROP - fetus presents with the Occiput put directed to the posterior aspect of the mother right side. The fetal position is right occiput ROP ● LOP - Left Occiput Posterior ● ROA right occiput anterior. 5.To assess presence of uterine, pelvic, or fetal abnormality. ● Cephalic presentation: vertex, brow, face, and chin. ● Breech presentation: frank breech, complete breech, incomplete breech, single or double footling breech, and shoulder presentations LEOPOLD’S MANEUVER 3