Content text 10 Torsion.pdf
2.2. Hollow circular shaft A hollow circular shaft has outer diameter D and inner diameter d. The shear stress is τ = 16TD π(D4 − d 4) 3. Flange bolt couplings Flange bolt couplings are mechanical devices that connect two shafts together using bolts and flanges. Therefore, a group of bolts mainly resists the torsional shear stresses. Thus, for the value of shear stress, the value of J is modified: J = ∑A(x 2 + y 2 ) Where x and y are the horizontal and vertical distances, respectively, from a bolt to the centroid of the bolt group. 4. Helical springs It is composed of a wire of round rod of diameter d wound into a helix of mean radius R (or mean diameter D) with n number of turns. Figure 1: From Science Direct 4.1. Shear Stress The maximum shearing stress is a combination of direct shear stress and torsional shear stress τ = P A + Tr J = P π 4 d 2 + (P ⋅ R) ( d 2 ) π 32 d 4 τ = 4P πd 2 + 16PR πd 3 τ = 16PR πd 3 (1 + d 4R )
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