Title Notes.pdf ✅

BIOLOGY Shaira Anjuman DDX NOTES Transport in Humans


DDX NOTES DDX NOTES DDX NOTES 3 | P a g e • Smoking: Carbon monoxide and other chemicals in cigarette smoke may damage the lining of the arteries, allowing atheroma to form. • Genetics: Coronary heart disease appears to be passed from one generation to the next in some families. This is something we have no control over, but we can be aware of this risk and reduce some of the other risk factors to offset it. • Age and gender: As we get older our risk of suffering from coronary heart disease increases. Also, males are at higher risk than females. • Lack of exercise: The heart muscle loses its tone and becomes less efficient in pumping blood when we do not exercise. Lack of exercise results in slower blood flow. Diet and exercise in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease- A person has less chance of becoming obese if they keep to a healthy balanced diet. There will also be a low intake of animal fat, so this reduces the chances of fatty deposits in the artery. Regular vigorous exercise reduces the chances of a heart attack because it increases muscle tone of both skeletal and cardiac muscle. Main Blood Vessels: The vena cava brings deoxygenated blood from all the body tissues to the heart. The aorta pumps oxygenated blood from the heart to all the body tissues. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs; the pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. The hepatic vein carries deoxygenated blood from the liver to the heart while the hepatic artery brings oxygenated blood from the heart to the liver; the hepatic portal vein brings deoxygenated blood along with digested food molecules from the small intestine to the liver. The renal artery brings oxygenated blood from the heart to the kidney while the renal vein carries deoxygenated blood from the kidney to the heart.