Title Ex-3 The living world (Q-A-Sol).pdf ✅

THE LIVING WORLD 23 EXERCISE – 3: Achiever’s Section What is ‘Living’? 1. Which of the following sets does not contain defining characteristics of living organisms? (a) Growth and reproduction (b) Metabolism and cellular level of organization (c) Response to stimuli and consciousness (d) All of these Ans. (a) Sol. Only living things have the ability to respond to their external stimuli and has consciousness. Living things undergo metabolism and cellular level of organization for their proper functioning of cellular processes. Hence, these are the defining characters of living things. Growth and reproduction are not exclusive or defining characters as non-living things also grow e.g., sand dunes. There are many living things who cannot reproduce like mules, infertile human couples etc. 2. All living organisms are linked to one another because (a) They have common genetic material of the same type (b) They share common genetic material but to varying degrees (c) All have common cellular organization (d) All of the above Ans. (d) Sol. All living organisms contain the same genetic material that is DNA and RNA but to varying degrees. All living organisms are made up of cells, therefore cellular level of organization is common in them. Hence, all living organisms are linked to one another in terms of common genetic material, but to varying degrees and have cellular level of organization. 3. Select the correct combination. (a) Plants: Limited cell division (b) Animals: Cell division throughout life span in all types of cells (c) Unicellular organisms: Growth observation by microscope (d) Living organisms: External growth Ans. (c) Sol. In unicellular organisms, growth is possible to be observed using microscopic examination of the cell. -Plants show indeterminate or unlimited growth. -Animals show limited growth and do not grow throughout their life span in all types of cells. -The growth in living organisms is internal growth. 4. Match the following. p. Yeast 1. Regeneration q. Hydra 2. Budding r. Protonema of mosses 3. Fragmentation s. Filamentous algae t. Planaria u. Flat worms (a) p-2, q-2, r-3, s-3, t-1, u-1 (b) p-2, q-1, r-3, s-2, t-1, u-1 (c) p-1, q-1, r-2, s-3, t-1, u-2 (d) p-1, q-2, r-3, s-1, t-2, u-3 Ans. (a) Sol. Regeneration is the phenomenon shown by some animals where the cut portion of the animal is regenerated into the entire animal. It is seen in planaria and flat worms. Budding is a form of asexual reproduction in which a part of the animal body bulges out (forms a bud like outgrowth). When this part separates from the animal body, it start to develop into a new organism. It is commonly seen in yeast and hydra. Fragmentation is a method of asexual reproduction in which the organism after certain stage of growth form two or more new cells by the formation of several fragments. e.g., protonema of mosses, filamentous algae 5. What is true with respect to consciousness? (a) All organisms are aware of themselves (b) All organisms handle chemicals entering their bodies (c) Prokaryotic organisms do not respond to environmental cues (d) Human beings are not self-conscious
24 THE LIVING WORLD Ans. (b) Sol. All living organisms handle chemicals entering their bodies through specific mechanisms. -All organisms are not aware of themselves except human beings. -Prokaryotic organisms respond to environmental cues. -Human beings are self-conscious. Diversity in the Living World 6. Match Column-I with Column-II and select the correct option from the codes given below. Column I Column II A John Ray (i) Gave the concept of new systematics B C. Linneaus (ii) First described species as a unit of classification C Aristotle (iii) Father of Zoology D Julian Huxley (iv) Introduced botanical nomenclature (a) A-(i), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(iv) (b) A-(iv), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(i) (c) A-(ii), B-(iii), C-(i), D-(iv) (d) A-(ii), B-(iv), C-(iii), D-(i) Ans. (d) Sol. John Ray (1627-1705), English naturalist, described about 18600 plants in three volumes 'Historic Generalis Plantarum' between 1686-1704. The naturalist introduced the word "species" in its present sense for the first time. He defined species as an assemblage of individuals with similar parentage and having ability to pass the parental traits to the offspring. Linnaeus introduced the binomial nomenclature. Aristotle (384-322 BC) is known as the father of zoology. Sir Julian Huxley (1940) is known as the father of new systematics. 7. Study the four statements (I-IV) given below & select the two correct ones out of them: (I) Definition of biological species was given by Ernst Mayr. (II)Photoperiod does not affect reproduction in plants (III)Binomial nomenclature system was given by RH Whittaker (IV)In unicellular organisms, reproduction is synonymous with growth. The two correct statements are (a) II & III (b) III & IV (c) I & IV (d) I & II Ans. (c) Sol. Photoperiod affects reproduction in plants and decides LDP, SDP or day neutral plants. Binomial nomenclature system was proposed by Gaspard Baulin and established by Linnaeus. 8. Biosystematics aims at (a) delimiting various taxa of organisms and establishing their relationships (b) the classification of organisms based on broad morphological characters (c) identification and arrangement of organisms on the basis of their cytological characteristics (d) the classification of organisms based on their evolutionary history and establishing their phylogeny on the totality of various parameters from all fields of studies Ans. (d) Sol. Biosystematics is the study of identification, nomenclature classification and relationships amongst living beings. In other words, it is the study of diversity of organisms, their comparative and evolutionary relationships based on comparative anatomy, ecology, physiology, biochemistry and other fields. 9. Assertion: The system of providing a scientific name to any organism is called binomial nomenclature. Reason: Each taxonomic group should have two names. (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. (c) Assertion is true but reason is false. (d) Both assertion and reason are false. Ans. (c) Sol. Binomial nomenclature is the system of providing organisms with appropriate and distinct names consisting of two words, first generic and second specific. 10. Which of the following statement/s is / are true?
THE LIVING WORLD 25 1. Growth cannot be taken as a defining property of living organisms. 2. Panthera pardus is a scientific name of Leopard in which Panthera represents specific epithet. 3. In binomial nomenclature, biological names are derived from Latin irrespective of their origin. 4. In plants, Orders with few similar characters are assigned to Division. (a) All are true (b) Only 1 and 3 are true (c) Only 1 and 4 are true (d) Only 2 and 3 are true Ans. (b) Sol. Only 1 and 3 are correct. Panthera is a genus not species epithet. And Order comes between Class and Family. Taxonomic Categories 11. Match the following and choose the correct option. A. Family (i) tuberosum B. Kingdom (ii) Polymoniales C. Order (iii) Solanum D. Species (iv) Plantae E. Genus (v) Solanaceae (a) i-D, ii-C, iii-E, iv-B, v-A (b) i-E, ii-D, iii-B, iv-A, v-C (c) i-D, ii-E, iii-B, iv-A, v-C (d) i-E, ii-C, iii-B, iv-A, v-D Ans. (a) Sol. The suffix added can be taken as a key to find the scientific classification. Family always end with ‘- aceae’, kingdom ends with ‘-ae’, order ends with ‘- ials’. Thus, by looking at the suffixes that are added one can find out to which scientific classification does that word belongs to. 12. Two plants can be conclusively said to belong to the same species if they (a) Can reproduce freely with each other and form seeds (b) Have more than 90% similar genes (c) Look similar and possess identical secondary metabolites (d) Have same number of chromosomes Ans. (a) Sol. According to the definition of biological species, the main criteria for grouping the organisms in a species is their ability to interbreed and produce fertile offspring. 13. Nicotiana sylvestris flowers only during long days and N. tabacum flowers only during short days. In laboratory, they can be induced to flower at the same time and can be cross fertilized to produce offspring. What is the best reason for considering Nicotiana sylvestris and N. tabacum as separate species? (a) They cannot interbreed in nature. (b) They are reproductively distinct (c) They are physiologically distinct (d) They are morphologically distinct Ans. (a) Sol. The most accepted defining feature of a biological species is its ability to reproduce. Nicotiana sylvestris and Nicotiana tabacum both species flower at different times. Hence, they cannot reproduce among themselves and produce an offspring. Hence, they are placed in two separate species. 14. Select the incorrect set from the following: (a) Polymoniales  Convolvulaceae, Solanaceae. (b) Primata  gorilla, gibbon (c) Felidae  cat, dog (d) Panthera  leopard, tiger Ans. (c) Sol. Cat belongs to family Felidae and dog belongs to Family Canidae. 15. Which one is the mismatched pair? (a) Wheat  Triticum aestivum (b) Housefly  Musca domestica (c) Mango  Azadirachta indica (d) Lion  Panthera leo Ans. (c) Sol. The scientific name of mango is Mangifera indica. Azadirachta indica is the scientific name of Neem. 16. Select the incorrect statement from the following: (a) Mangifera, Solanum and Panthera represent generic epithets. (b) Petunia and Datura belong to family Solanaceae. (c) leo, aestivum and musca represent specific epithets.
26 THE LIVING WORLD (d) Mango belongs to order sapindales. Ans. (c) Sol. Species refer to a group of organisms with fundamental similarities. A species is distinguished from the other closely related species based on distinct morphological differences, e.g., Mangifera indica (Mango), Solanum tuberosum (potato) and Panthera ieo (lion). All the three names, indica, tuberosum and Ieo, represent the specific epithets, while the first words Mangifera, Solanum and Panthera are genera. 17. Match Column-I with Column-II for housefly classification and select the correct option using the codes given below: Column-I Column-II a. Family i. Diptera b. Order ii. Arthropoda c. Class iii. Muscidae d. Phylum iv. Insecta (a) a-iv, b-ii, c-i, d-iii (b) a-iii, b-i, c-iv, d-i (c) a-iii, b-ii, c-iv, d-i (d) a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i Ans. (b) Sol. Following is the correct systemic position of housefly musca domestica Phylum – Arthropoda Class – Insecta Order – Diptera Family – Muscidae Genus – Musca Species – domestica 18. Which one of the following is a species? (a) Carnivora (b) Canis (c) Familiaris (d) Trypanososma Ans. (c) Sol. Familiaris is a subspecies of the gray wolf (Canis lupus). It is also denoted as a species of the gray wolf (Canis familiaris) in some references. Carnivora is an order of placental mammals. Canis is a genus name of Canidae family. Trypanososma is a genus of unicellular flagellated protozoa. 19. A person who studies about the origin, evolution, variation of plants and also their classification is called as (a) Classical taxonomist (b) Herbal taxonomist (c) Alpha taxonomist (d) Beta taxonomist Ans. (a) Sol. A person who study of origin, evolution and variation in plants as well as their classification is known as classical taxonomist. 20. Cohort is a group of correlated (a) Species (b) Genera (c) Families (d) Orders Ans. (a) Sol. Cohort is a group of correlated organisms of the same species identified by a common characteristic which are studied over a period of time as part of a scientificor medical investigation. 21. Identify the correct sequence of taxonomic hierarchial arrangement in ascending order of the following. (a) Spermatophyta, Sapindales, Dicotyledons, Anacardiaceae, Mangifera (b) Mangifera, Dicotyledons, Anacardiaceae, Spermatophyta, Sapindales (c) Mangifera, Anacardiaceae, Sapindales, Dicotyledons, Spermatophyta (d) Dicotyledons, Anacardiaceae, Sapindales, Spermatophyte, Mangifera Ans. (c) Sol. Genus Mangifera belongs to the family Anacardiaceae, and order Sapindales, as they grow more in tropical countries. - Among the family Anacardiaceae, mango is the most common economic fruit crop. - This family consists of a total of 73 genera and species of approximately 600 to 850 are present. - Apart from mango, other important crops of this family are cashew, pistha, and mombins. - These plants are mainly grown in the temperate regions. - Some of the distinguishing features, seen in this family are, the bark of the tree is resinous and caustic oil is seen in leaves and sometimes in bark and fruits. - Other than fruit crops, this family yield many products such as wood, gums, resins, wax, varnishes, and tanning material. - When comes to taxonomic hierarchy, there are so many species, and the genus and most important fruit and commercial crops are from the genus Mangifera and the family Anacardiaceae and the order Sapindales, and they have 2 cotyledons in their seeds and they are called spermatophytes, as they produce seeds.