Title ALLEN Biology Module (1-8) Complete.pdf ✅

1 h apter 01 Contents REPRODUCTION : Reproduction in organisms: Reproduction, a characteristic feature of all organisms for continuation of species; Modes of reproduction – Asexual and sexual; Asexual reproduction; Modes-Binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule, fragmentation; vegetative propagation in plants. Reproduction in Organism NEET SYLLABUS 1. Reproduction in organism-I 1 2. Exercise-I 10 3. Reproduction in organism-II 11 4. Exercise-I 15


4 Pre-Medical : Biology ALLEN Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\BIO\ENG\MODULE_1\01-REPRODUCTION\02-REPRODUCTION IN ORGANISM.P65 E • Reproduction is defined as a biological process in which an organism gives rise to young ones (offspring) similar to itself. The offspring grow, mature and in turn produce new offspring. Thus, there is a cycle of birth, growth and death. • Reproduction enables the continuity of the species, generation after generation. • The organism’s habitat, its internal physiology and several other factors are collectively responsible for how it reproduces. • When offspring is produced by a single parent with or without the involvement of gamete formation, the reproduction is asexual. When two parents (opposite sex) participate in the reproductive process and also involve fusion of male and female gametes, it is called sexual reproduction. ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION • In this method, a single individual (parent) is capable of producing offspring. As a result, the offspring that are produced are not only identical to one another but are also exact copies of their parent. Are these offspring likely to be genetically identical or different? Answer will be genetically identical. • The term clone is used to morphologically and genetically similar individuals • Many single-celled organisms (monerans and protists) reproduce by binary fission. • Member of kingdom fungi and algae reproduce through special asexual reproductive structures called zoospores. • Conidia (Penicillum) buds (Hydra) and gemmules (sponge) are other common asexual reprodutive structures. Eyes Germinating eye bud Young plant Roots (a) Potato Nodes Buds Adventitious Root (b) Ginger (c) Agave Adventitious buds (d) Bryophyllum Offset (e) Eichhornia Vegetative propagules in angiosperms : (a) Eyes of potato; (b) Rhizome of ginger; (c) Bulbil of Agave; (d) Leaf buds of Bryophyllum; (e) Offset of water hyacinth (Eichhornia)