Title PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE & VARIATION.pdf ✅

Principles of Inheritance and Variation  Digital www.allendigital.in [ 43 ] MENDELISM 1. On which plant Mendel had carried out his investigations :- (1) Garden - pea (2) Wild pea (3) Cow-pea (4) Pigeon pea 2. During breeding the removal of anthers from a flower is called :- (1) Anthesis (2) Pollination (3) Emasculation (4) Vasectomy 3. Mendel formulated the law of purity of gametes on the basis of :- (1) Dihybrid cross (2) Monohybrid cross (3) Back cross (4) Test cross 4. A cross between AaBB X aaBB yields a genotypic ratio of :- (1) 1 AaBB: 1 aaBB (2) 1 AaBB : 3 aaBB (3) 3AaBB : 1 aa BB (4) All AaBb 5. In monohybrid cross what is the ratio of homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive individuals in F2–generation :- (1) 1:2:1 (2) 2:1 / 1:2 (3) 3:1 / 1:3 (4) 1:1 6. The cross between recessive to it's hybrid or it's F1 plant is called :- (1) Back cross (2) Test cross (3) Monohybrid cross (4) Dihybrid cross 7. What is the genotypic and phenotypic ratio of monohybrid test cross :- (1) 1:1 (2) 1:2 (3) 3:1 (4) 1:2:1 8. Which law can be proved only by dihybrid cross? (1) Segregation (2) Purity of gametes (3) Dominance (4) Independent assortment 9. How many types & in what ratio the gametes are produced by a dihybrid heterozygous :- (1) 4 types in the ratio of 9:3:3:1 (2) 2 types in the ratio of 3:1 (3) 3 types in the ratio of 1:2:1 (4) 4 types in the ratio of 1:1:1:1 10. How many gametes are produced in F1 generation of a trihybrid :- (1) 3 (2) 4 (3) 8 (4) 16 11. Which genotype represents a true dihybrid condition (1) tt rr (2) Tt rr (3) Tt Rr (4) TT Rr 12. Mendelian ratio 9:3:3:1 is due to :- (1) Law of segregation (2) Law of purity of gametes (3) Law of independent assortment (4) Law of unit characters 13. In a cross between a pure tall plant with green pod & a pure short plant with yellow pod. How many short plants are produced in F2 generation out of 16 :- (1) 1 (2) 3 (3) 4 (4) 9 14. In a dihybrid cross between AABB and aabb the ratio of AABB, AABb, aaBb, aabb in F2 generation is :- (1) 9:3:3:1 (2) 1:1:1:1 (3) 1:2:2:1 (4) 1:1:2:2 15. AABbCc genotype forms how many types of gametes :- (1) 4 (2) 8 (3) 2 (4) 6 16. Who rediscovered the results of Mendel's experiments :- (1) DeVries, Tschermak, Correns (2) DeVries, Tschermak, Morgan (3) Tschermak, Morgan, Correns (4) Tschermak, Bateson, Punnet 17. Crossing AABB & aabb, the probability of AaBb would be in F2 generation :- (1) 1/16 (2) 2/16 (3) 8/16 (4) 4/16 18. In Mendel's experiments, colour of seed, colour of flower, position of flower, colour of pod, height of stem, are called :- (1) Alleles (2) Genotype (3) Phenotype (4) All of the above Exercise - I
NEET : Biology [ 44 ] www.allendigital.in  Digital 19. If 120 Plants are produced on crossing pure red and pure white flowered pea plants, then the ratio of offsprings in F1 will be :- (Red is dominant) (1) 90 Red : 30 White (2) 30 Red : 90 White (3) 60 Red : 60 White (4) All Red 20. An individual with two identical members of a pair of genetic factors is called :- (1) Hemizygous (2) Heterozygous (3) Nonhomologous (4) Homozygous 21. Two allelic genes are located on :- (1) The same chromosome (2) Two homologous chromosomes (3) Two-non-homologous chromosomes (4) Any two chromosomes 22. The percentage of ab gametes produced by AaBb parent will be :- (1) 12.5 (2) 25 (3) 50 (4) 75 23. How many characters of pea pod were chosen by Mendel? (1) 7 (2) 5 (3) 4 (4) 2 24. Mendel's law of segregation is based on separation of alleles during :- (1) Gamete formation (2) Seed formation (3) Pollination (4) Embryonic development 25. When two hybrids Ttrr & Rrtt are crossed, the phenotypic ratio of offspring shall be :- (1) 3:1 (2) 1:1:1:1 (3) 1:1 (4) 9:3:3:1 26. The allele which is unable to express its effect in the presence of another is called :- (1) Co-dominant (2) Supplementary (3) Complementary (4) Recessive 27. Which technique is used by Mendel for hybridisation :- (1) Emasculation (2) Bagging (3) Protoplast fusion (4) 1 & 2 both 28. When flowers are unisexual then emasculation is done in :- (1) Female (2) Male (3) 1 & 2 both (4) None of these 29. How many plants are dihybrid in F2 generation of dihybrid cross :- (1) One (2) Two (3) Four (4) Sixteen 30. When a plant has two different alleles of a gene then it is called :- (1) Homozygous (2) Dioecious (3) Heterozygous (4) Monoecious 31. Heterozygous tall plants were crossed with dwarf plants. What will be the ratio of dwarf plants in the progeny :- (1) 50% (2) 25% (3) 75% (4) 100% 32. A pure tall plant can be differentiated from a hybrid tall plant :- (1) By measuring length of plant (2) By spraying gibberellins (3) If all plants are tall after self-pollination (4) If all plants are dwarf after self- pollination 33. Genetic constitution of an individual is represented by :- (1) Genome (2) Genotype (3) Phenotype (4) Karyotype 34. Genes do not occur in pairs in :- (1) Zygote (2) Somatic cell (3) Embryo (4) Gametes 35. "Like begets like" an important and universal phenomenon of life, is due to :- (1) Eugenics (2) Inheritance (3) Dominance (4) Crossing-over 36. How many types of gametes are expected from the organism with genotype AABBCC:- (1) One (2) Two (3) Four (4) Eight 37. One of the following did not constitute the seven contrasting pairs of characters noticed by Mendel? (1) Height of the plants (2) Shape of the leaves (3) Shape of pod (4) Colour of pod
Principles of Inheritance and Variation  Digital www.allendigital.in [ 45 ] 38. According to Mendelism which character is showing dominance :- (1) Terminal position of flower (2) Green colour in seed (3) Wrinkled seeds (4) Green pod colour 39. Due to the cross between TTRr × ttrr the resultant progenies showed how many percent plants would be, tall, red flowered:– (1) 50% (2) 75% (3) 25% (4) 100% 40. Mendel obtained wrinkled seeds in pea due to deposition of sugars instead of starch. It was due to which enzyme :– (1) Amylase (2) Invertase (3) Diastase (4) Absence of starch branching enzyme 41. A gene is said to be dominant if :– (1) It express it's effect only in homozygous stage. (2) It is expressed only in heterozygous condition (3) It is expressed both in homozygous and heterozygous condition. (4) It is never expressed in any condition. 42. A plant of F1–generation with genotype "AABbCC". On selfing of this plant what is the phenotypic ratio in F2–generation :- (1) 3 : 1 (2) 1 : 1 (3) 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 (4) 27 : 9 : 9 : 9 : 3 : 3 : 3 : 1 43. Which one of the following traits of garden pea studied by Mendel, was a recessive feature? (1) Axial flower position (2) Green seed colour (3) Green pod colour (4) Round seed shape 44. A trihybrid cross is made between two plants with genotypes A/a B/b C/c how many offsprings of such cross will have a genotype a/a b/b c/c ? (1) 1/64 (2) 1/4 (3) 1/16 (4) 1/32 45. How is the arrangement of seven characters selected by Mendel on four chromosomes :– (1) One in ch. no. 1, 4 in ch. no. 4, one in ch. no. 5, and one in ch. no. 7 (2) 2 in ch. no. 1, 3 in ch. no. 4, one in ch. no. 5 and one in ch. no. 6 (3) 3 in ch. no. 1, 1 in ch. no. 4, 2 in ch. no. 5 and one in ch. no. 7 (4) 2 in ch. no. 1, 3 in ch. no. 4, 1 in ch. no. 5 and 1 in ch. no. 7 46. When two different genotypes produce the same phenotype due to environmental difference, then each one is known as :- (1) Phenotype (2) Phenocopy (3) Progeny (4) Independent offspring 47. When a red flower homozygous pea plant is crossed with a white flower plant what colour is produced in F1 :- (1) Red (2) White (3) Pink (4) Red + white 48. If a heterozygous tall plant is crossed with a homozygous dwarf plant then what shall be the percentage of dwarf offsprings :- (1) 25% (2) 100% (3) 75% (4) 50% 49. If a homozygous tall plant is crossed with a dwarf plant, what shall be the ratio of plants in offsprings :- (1) All heterozygous tall (2) Two tall & Two dwarf (3) 1:2:1 (4) All homozygous dwarf 50 How many different types of gametes can be formed by F1 progeny, resulting from the following cross: AA BB CC x aa bb cc ? (1) 3 (2) 8 (3) 27 (4) 64 51. Law of independent assortment of Mendel was proved by :- (1) Monohybrid cross (2) Reciprocal cross (3) Dihybrid cross (4) Back cross
NEET : Biology [ 46 ] www.allendigital.in  Digital 52. Mendel did not select which character in his experiment :- (1) Plant height (2) Plant colour (3) Pod shape (4) Pod colour 53. Genes controlling seven traits in pea studied by Mendel were actually located on:- (1) Seven chromosomes (2) Six chromosomes (3) Four chromosomes (4) Five chromosomes 54. Two crosses between the same pair of genotypes or phenotypes in which the sources of the gametes are reversed in one cross, is known as :- (1) Test cross (2) Reciprocal cross (3) Dihybrid cross (4) Reverse cross 55. If selfing occurs in the plant having genotype RrYy, then ratio of given genotype will be :- RRYY, RrYY, RRYy, RrYy (1) 1:2:2:4 (2) 1:2:2:1 (3) 1:1:1:1 (4) 2:2:2:1 56. The process of mating between closely related individuals is :- (1) Out-breeding (2) Inbreeding (3) Hybridisation (4) Heterosis 57. A self–fertilizing trihybrid plant forms :- (1) 8 different gametes and 32 zygotes (2) 8 different gametes and 64 zygotes (3) 4 different gametes and 16 zygotes (4) 8 different gametes and 16 zygotes 58. Segregation of genes take place during :- (1) Metaphase (2) Anaphase (3) Prophase (4) Embryo formation 59. A trihybrid cross involves three pair of characters which will give rise to the F1 hybrids which are heterozygous for three genes. How many types of gametes will be produced in both male and female :- (1) 2 (2) 4 (3) 6 (4) 8 60. When an F1 individual is crossed with its either of the two parent. Then it is known as:- (1) Test cross (2) Back cross (3) Reciprocal cross (4) Monohybrid cross 61. If a homozygous red flowered plant is crossed with white plant, the offspring will be :- (1) All red flowered (2) All white flowered (3) Half red flowered (4) Half white flowered 62. How many types of genotypes are formed in F2 progeny obtained from self polination of a dihybrid F1 :- (1) 9 (2) 3 (3) 6 (4) 1 63. If a dwarf plant is treated with gibberellins it becomes tall and this plant now crosses with pure tall plant then progeny of first generation (F1) is :- (1) All dwarf (2) All tall (3) 75% tall and 25% dwarf (4) 75% dwarf and 25% tall 64. A test cross is performed :- (1) by selfing of F2-generation plants (2) by selfing of F1-generation plants (3) to determine whether F1-plant is homozgous or heterozygous (4) between a homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive plant 65. If a cross is made between AA and aa, the nature of F1 progeny will be :- (1) genotypically AA, phenotypically a (2) genotypically Aa, phenotypically a (3) genotypically Aa, phenotypically A (4) genotypically aa, phenotypically A 66. When a tall plant with round seeds (TTRR) is crossed with a dwarf plant with wrinkled seeds (ttrr), the F1 generation consists of tall plants with rounded seeds. How many types of gametes F1 plant would produce :- (1) One (2) Three (3) Four (4) Eight