Title Curriculum RB Sharma Notes.pdf ✅

Fundamental of Curriculum BY:- RB Sharma Page 1 of 22 June 28, 2023  Explain different meanings of curriculum The term "curriculum" can have various meanings depending on the context in which it is used. Here are some different meanings of the word "curriculum":  Curriculum as a Plan: Curriculum can refer to a structured plan or framework that outlines the intended learning experiences and educational objectives for a specific course, program, or institution. It includes the content, instructional methods, assessments, and learning outcomes designed to guide teaching and learning activities.  Curriculum as Content: In this sense, curriculum refers to the specific subject matter or knowledge that is taught within an educational program. It encompasses the topics, concepts, and skills that students are expected to learn and master. For example, a science curriculum may include subjects like biology, chemistry, and physics.  Curriculum as a Product: This interpretation views curriculum as the end result or outcome of the teaching and learning process. It focuses on the knowledge, skills, and competencies acquired by students after completing a particular educational program. It is often associated with the idea of producing desirable educational outcomes.  Hidden or Implicit Curriculum: The hidden curriculum refers to the unintended or implicit lessons that students learn through the educational environment, interactions, and experiences. These lessons may not be explicitly included in the formal curriculum but are transmitted through socialization, values, norms, and attitudes conveyed in the educational setting.  Curriculum as a Process: This perspective views curriculum as an ongoing and dynamic process of learning and instruction. It emphasizes the interactions between teachers, students, and the learning environment. The process involves the selection, organization, and delivery of educational experiences to facilitate student learning.  National or State Curriculum: Curriculum can also refer to a standardized set of educational guidelines or standards established by a government or educational authority at the national or state level. These guidelines specify the required content, skills, and performance expectations for students at different grade levels or educational stages. It's important to note that the meaning of "curriculum" can vary depending on the educational context, cultural factors, and the perspective from which it is viewed.
Fundamental of Curriculum BY:- RB Sharma Page 2 of 22 June 28, 2023 1.1. Curriculum as subject 1.2. Curriculum as courses of study and syllabus 1.3. Curriculum as experiences 1.4. Curriculum as objectives 1.5. Curriculum as plan of learning. Certainly! Here's an expanded explanation of the different meanings of curriculum: 1.1. Curriculum as Subject: In this context, curriculum refers to a specific subject or area of study within an educational program. For example, mathematics, science, history, or literature can be considered as individual curricula. Each subject has its own content, concepts, and skills that students are expected to learn. 1.2.Curriculum as Courses of Study and Syllabus: Curriculum can also refer to a collection of courses of study or a syllabus that outlines the sequence and structure of educational offerings within a program or institution. It includes the list of subjects or courses, along with their respective descriptions, prerequisites, and learning objectives. 1.3. Curriculum as Experiences: This interpretation views curriculum as the total educational experiences that students encounter throughout their learning journey. It encompasses not only the formal classroom instruction but also co-curricular activities, field trips, projects, and other experiential learning opportunities that contribute to students' overall development. 1.4.Curriculum as Objectives: Here, curriculum refers to the educational objectives or goals set for a particular program or course. It focuses on what students are expected to achieve in terms of knowledge, skills, attitudes, or values. Objectives help guide the design and implementation of instructional strategies and assessments. 1.5. Curriculum as Plan of Learning: This meaning of curriculum emphasizes the systematic planning and organization of teaching and learning activities. It includes the overall structure, content, instructional methods, and assessments designed to facilitate students' acquisition of knowledge and skills. A curriculum as a plan of learning provides a roadmap for teachers to deliver instruction and for students to progress in their learning. These different meanings highlight the multidimensional nature of curriculum, ranging from subject-specific content to broader educational experiences and objectives. Understanding these meanings can help educators, curriculum designers, and policymakers develop effective and comprehensive educational programs.
Fundamental of Curriculum BY:- RB Sharma Page 3 of 22 June 28, 2023  dentify bases for curricular decisions.  Relate different philosophical bases with curriculum.  Justify the need of studying society and culture for curriculum development.  Exemplify socio-cultural factors to be addressed by curriculum.  Identify various nature of knowledge.  Elucidate how nature of knowledge influences the curricular decisions.  Clarify why need, interest and maturation of child should be addressed by curriculum  Explore ways of addressing the need of children with special needs . Let's address each question one by one:  Bases for Curricular Decisions: The bases for curricular decisions can vary depending on various factors, including educational goals, philosophical perspectives, societal needs, learner characteristics, and subject matter. Some common bases for curricular decisions include: Educational goals and objectives: The desired outcomes and learning objectives set by educational institutions or authorities.  Subject matter or content: The specific knowledge, concepts, and skills that are considered important and relevant within a particular discipline or field.  Learner needs and characteristics: Understanding the abilities, interests, and developmental stages of learners to design appropriate instructional strategies and content.  Societal needs and demands: Considering the requirements of the society, job market, and changing world to ensure that the curriculum prepares students for the real world.  Philosophical perspectives: Different educational philosophies, such as essentialism, progressivism, and constructivism, can shape curricular decisions by emphasizing different priorities and approaches to education.  Relationship between Philosophical Bases and Curriculum: Different philosophical perspectives can influence curriculum development in various ways. Here are a few examples:  Essentialism:
Fundamental of Curriculum BY:- RB Sharma Page 4 of 22 June 28, 2023 An essentialist philosophy emphasizes a core body of knowledge and traditional academic subjects. The curriculum based on essentialism focuses on essential skills, facts, and concepts that students must learn to become well-rounded individuals. Progressivism: A progressivist philosophy emphasizes student-centered learning, active engagement, and problem-solving. The curriculum based on progressivism encourages hands-on experiences, project-based learning, and real-world applications.  Constructivism: A constructivist philosophy emphasizes the active construction of knowledge by learners through meaningful experiences. The curriculum based on constructivism encourages inquiry-based learning, problem-solving, and collaborative activities. Perennialism: A perennialist philosophy emphasizes timeless ideas, values, and works of literature. The curriculum based on perennialism focuses on classics, humanities, and critical thinking skills.  Need to Study Society and Culture for Curriculum Development:  Studying society and culture is essential for curriculum development because:  Societal Relevance: Society shapes the educational needs, values, and expectations of individuals. The curriculum should reflect the societal context to ensure it remains relevant and prepares students for the social, cultural, and economic aspects of their lives.  Cultural Diversity: Society comprises diverse cultural groups with unique traditions, languages, and perspectives. Incorporating cultural knowledge and understanding in the curriculum promotes inclusivity, multiculturalism, and respect for diversity.  Global Competence: In an interconnected world, understanding different cultures and societies is crucial for fostering global competence among students. Studying society and culture helps develop cultural awareness, intercultural communication skills, and a global perspective.  Social Issues and Challenges: Society faces various social issues and challenges that need to be addressed through education. By studying society, curriculum developers can identify relevant topics such as environmental sustainability, social justice, and digital literacy.  Socio-cultural Factors Addressed by Curriculum:  Socio-cultural factors that can be addressed by the curriculum include: