Title CLINICAL PHARMACY SIMPLE NOTES.pdf ✅

T.J.MOHAN RAO (Ph-D), NALANDA INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, KANTEPUDI (V), GUNTUR, AP. Page 1 -: CLINICAL PHARMACY:- DEFINITION: Clinical pharmacy is the branch of pharmacy in which doctor of pharmacy provide patient care that optimizes the use of medication and promotes health, wellness, and disease, prevention. Clinical pharmacists care for patients in all health care settings but the clinical pharmacy movement initially began inside hospitals and clinics. Clinical pharmacists often work in collaboration with physicians, nurse practitioners, and other healthcare professionals. Education and credentialing: • Clinical pharmacists have extensive education in the biomedical, pharmaceutical, socio-behavioural and clinical sciences. Most clinical pharmacists have a Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm-D.) degree and many have completed one or more years of post-graduate training. (for example, a general and/or specialty pharmacy residency). • In the United States, clinical pharmacists can choose to become Board- certified through the Board of Pharmacy Specialties (BPS), which was organized in 1976 as an independent certification agency of the American Pharmacists Association. • The BPS certifies pharmacists in the following specialities: ambulatory care pharmacy, critical care pharmacy, nuclear pharmacy, nutrition support pharmacy, oncology pharmacy, paediatric pharmacy, geriatric pharmacy, pharmacotherapy, and psychiatric pharmacy. SCOPE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY: 1. Preparation of patient medication histories: • Any hypersensitivity's or allergies to specific drugs observed in the past, any particular drug or food habits, drug dependence or intoxication with chemicals due to occupational hazards, all of which are likely to interfere with the therapy. • This will help in saving physicians time and efforts and thus will result in faster and more accurate selection of drug therapy.

T.J.MOHAN RAO (Ph-D), NALANDA INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, KANTEPUDI (V), GUNTUR, AP. Page 3 • A clinical pharmacist at retail drug stores can maintain patient drug profiles, family drug profiles and family records based upon which the pharmacist can counsel the patient each time while filling the prescription. • He can determine the patient’s responses to drug therapy and help him in the selection and use of OTC drugs. 8. Discharge counselling and patient compliance: • The compliance to drug therapy can be improved several times, by educating and counselling the patient at the time of discharge from hospital or while dispensing the prescription at the retail counter. • The patient may be made aware of the purpose of medication, proper mode of administration, dosage schedule and storage conditions. • He may be told of any potential adverse or side effects to expect and any food or activities to be avoided during therapy. 9. Clinical research and continuing education program: • The clinical pharmacist can participate in an evaluation program on investigational drugs. • He can help in conducting clinical trials based on sound principles of biostatislical methods of evaluation. • He can also develop training programs for pharmacists, nurses and interns. 10. Medical Audit: Medical audit is a logical and necessary procedure within organized teamwork. The clinical pharmacist is either the initiator or a very active member of a functioning committee. Following are the activities, concerning medical audit: 1. Legislation. 2. Contractual obligation. 3. Regulation and registration of pharmacotherapy orders and administration. 4. Regulation of clinical experiments with drugs. 5. Information per subject and per patient. 6. Pharmacotherapy-committee policy. 7. Regulation of information from the pharmaceutical industry. 8. Local or regional micro symposia per patient. 9. Formulary policy.