Title KEY - R12 NP4.docx ✅

D. Allow the subjects to withdraw anytime The answer is D. Allow the subjects to withdraw anytime. Researchers should treat participants as autonomous agents, capable of controlling their own activities. The principle of self-determination means that prospective participants have the right to decide voluntarily whether to participate in a study, without risking penalty or prejudicial treatment. It also means that people have the right to ask questions, to refuse to give information, and to withdraw from the study. A person’s right to self-determination includes freedom from coercion of any type. Coercion involves explicit or implicit threats of penalty from failing to participate in a study or excessive rewards from agreeing to participate. (Polit & Beck) 14. To prevent manipulation of vulnerable groups, which of the following is the best measure? A. Ensure confidentiality of data described to prospective subjects the nature B. Protect privacy of patients C. Payment of stipends for the subjects D. Secure informed consent The answer is D. secure informed consent. The consent of parents/ guardians and assent of children must be obtained. Written consent must be obtained from legal guardians of mentally or emotionally disabled people as individuals with disability make it impossible for them to weigh the risks and benefits of participation and making informed decisions. Institutionalized people may feel constrained in their ability to give free consent as they might feel that their treatment would be jeopardized by failure to cooperate. Researchers studying institutionalized groups need to emphasize the voluntary nature of participation. C: can be considered mild coercion. B/A: privacy and confidentiality alone cannot assure the prevention of manipulation of vulnerable groups. 15. To ensure the study and the subject’s rights, Mr. Jake adheres to which of the following procedures? A. Covert data B. Informed consent C. Full disclosure D. Debriefing The answer is B. informed consent. Informed consent ensures the participant has right to both self- determination and full disclosure. D: Means providing information about the research to participants AFTER they have given their informed consent to participate, and usually AFTER their participation is completed. It is required if the research involves deception of the participants. (University of Mary Washington) C: Means that the researcher has fully described the nature of the study, the person’s right to refuse participation, the researcher’s responsibilities, and likely risks and benefits. The right to self- determination and the right to full disclosure are the two major elements on which informed consent is based. B: Means that participants have adequate information regarding the research, comprehend the information, and have the power of free choice, enabling them to consent to or decline participation voluntarily. A: An investigative strategy in which the researcher's professional identity and academic intentions are hidden, either partially or fully, from those involved in the study. Therefore, research is conducted without the knowledge or consent of those being studied. (Sage Publications) 16. The study is considered to be accomplished when Mr. Jake has achieved which of the following activities? A. Submitted the research report to the CEO B. The result of the study is used by the nurses in the hospital C. Presented the study in research forum D. Published the results in a nursing journal The answer is B. The result of the study is used by the nurses in the hospital. The final step of conducting research is utilizing the findings in practice. Communicating the findings (D, C) is the second to the last step. Situation: Rosa, a new research staff of a tertiary hospital is tasked to conduct a research study about the increased incidence of hospital-acquired infections in the workplace 17. Which of the following is the best tool for data gathering? A. Observation