Title 30. Human Health and Disease.pdf ✅

FACT/DEFINITION TYPE QUESTIONS 1. Which of the following disease is confirmed by ‘widal test’? (a) Tuberculosis (b) Typhoid (c) Plague (d) Tetanus 2. The toxic substance, ‘haemozoin’, related to the high fever and chill, is released during which of the following disease? (a) Dengue (b) Malaria (c) Diphtheria (d) Phenumonia 3. Malignant malaria is caused by the which of the following species of Plasmodium ? (a) vivax (b) malariae (d) ovale (d) falciparum 4. The pathogens of genera, Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermorphyton are responsible for (a) botulism (b) conjunctivitis (c) ringworms (d) skin allergy 5. Identify the site where Wuchereria bancrofti is normally found on human body. (a) Lymphatic vessels of the lower limbs (b) Muscles of the legs (c) Blood vessels of the thigh region (d) Skin between the fingers 6. Food poisoning is caused by (a) Entamoeba histolytica (b) Escherichia coli (c) Clostridium botulinum (d) Corynebacterium diphtheriae 7. Amoebiasis is caused by (a) Plasmodium vivax (b) Entamoeba gingivalis (c) Trypanosoma gambiense (d) Entamoeba histolytica 8. Vector for kala azar is: (a) sandfly (b) bedbug (c) louse (d) housefly 9. Which of the following set includes bacterial diseases ? (a) Tetanus, typhoid, tuberculosis (b) Small pox, influenza, tetanus (c) Meningitis, measles, syphilis (d) None of the above. 10. Which of the following is a communicable disease? (a) Malaria (b) Diabetes (c) Hypertension (d) Kwashiorkar 11. Black water fever is a severe complication of (a) Plasmodium falciparum (b) P. vivax (c) P. malariae (d) all of the above 12. Mumps is a viral disease and painful swelling of (a) parotid glands (b) thyroid (c) thymus (d) sublingual glands 13. Which of the following disease is not transmitted through contaminated water ? (a) Typhoid (b) Diphtheria (c) Amoebiasis (d) Hepatitis A 14. In which of the following disease, there is always a time lag between the infection and appearance of the symptoms of that particular disease? (a) AIDS (b) Allergy (c) Cancer (d) Alcoholism 15. Which of the following is the most accurate definition of infection? (a) The presence of microorganism in a particular location. (b) The disruption of normal host functions by microorganisms. (c) The survival and reproduction of microorganisms in a host. (d) The appearance of symptoms in a host, caused by microorganisms. 16. Infection of Ascaris usually occurs by (a) eating imperfectly cooked pork. (b) tse-tse fly. (c) mosquito bite. (d) drinking water containing eggs of Ascaris. Chapter 30 Cph\iC`\goc\i_ ?dn`\n` EduHulk 315
262 Biology 17. The cells affected in leukaemia are (a) plasma cells (b) erythrocytes (c) thrombocytes (d) leucocytes 18. To which type of barriers under innate immunity, do the saliva in the mouth and the tears from the eyes, belong? (a) Physical barriers (b) Cytokine barriers (c) Cellular barriers (d) Physiological barriers 19. Which one of the following acts as a physiological barrier to the entry of micro organisms in human body? (a) Skin (b) Epithelium of urogenital tract (c) Tears (d) monocytes 20. Immunoglobulins are (a) antigen (b) antibodies (c) antiseptics (d) antibiotics 21. Antigens are present (a) inside the nucleus. (b) on cell surface. (c) inside the cytoplasm. (d) on the nuclear membrane. 22. A cell-coded protein that is formed in response to infection with most animal viruses is called (a) interferon (b) antigen (c) histone (d) antibody 23. The cytotoxic cells are produced by (a) T-Cells (b) B-Cells (c) memory Cells (d) mast Cells 24. The letter T in T-lymphocyte refers to : (a) thymus (b) thyroid (c) thalamus (d) tonsil 25. The exaggerated response of the immune system to certain antigens is called (a) primary response (b) secondary response (c) immune suppression response (d) allergy 26. Passive immunity is defined as immunity (a) inherited from the parents. (b) achieved through vaccination. (c) acquired through first exposure to the disease. (d) achieved through the sera of other animals enriched in antibodies. 27. When body cannot differentiate between its own and foreign matter it is referred to as (a) passive immunity (b) active Immunity (c) autoimmunity (d) immunodeficiency 28. Short -lived immunity acquired from mother to foetus across placenta or through mother’s milk to the infant, is categorized as (a) active immunity (b) passive immunity (c) cellular immunity (d) innate non-specific immunity 29. Organ transplant rejection may be prevented by using (a) antibodies (b) new T cells (c) immunosuppressive drug (d) immunostimulatory drug 30. Antigen binding site in an antibody is found between (a) two light chains (b) two heavy chains (c) one heavy and one light chain (d) either between two light chains or between one heavy and one light chain depending upon the nature of antigen. 31. Inflammatory response in allergy is caused by (a) histamines (b) antigen (c) prothrombin (c) antibodes 32. Resistance in body against diseases is given by (a) vaccinations (b) histamine (c) immunoglobulins (d) antigens 33. The principle of vaccination is based upon which property of immune system ? (a) Memory (b) Diversity (c) Specificity (d) All of these 34. Which of the following results in fever when released in body during disease ? (a) Pyrogens (b) Antibodies (c) Interferons (d) Interleukins 35. The foetus gets immunized after receiving antibodies from mother through placenta. This type of immunization is called (a) active immunity (b) innate immunity (c) passive immunity (d) humoral immunity 36. When a quick immune response is required due to infection of a deadly microbe, the patient is injected with (a) protein of pathogen (b) inactivated or weakened pathogen (c) preformed antibodies (d) vaccine 37. Which of the following vaccine has been produced from yeast by recombinant DNA technology ? (a) Hepatitis A (b) Hepatitis B (c) Hib (d) Oral polio 38. B-lymphocytes are associated with (a) humoral immunity (b) production of heparin (c) cell mediated immunity (d) internal cleansing 39. Which of the following lymphoid organ provides the site for the interaction of lymphocytes with the antigen ? (a) Bone marrow (b) Thymus (c) Spleen (d) All of these 40. Which of the following is trapped in the lymph nodes and responsible for the activation of lymphocytes present there and cause the immune response? (a) Antigen (b) Antibody (c) Pathogen (d) Lymph fluid EduHulk

264 Biology 67. LSD is obtained from (a) bryophyte (b) pleridophyte (c) brown algae (d) fungus STATEMENT TYPE QUESTIONS 68. Which of the following statement is correct ? (a) Injecting microbes during immunization induces passive immunity. (b) Cell-mediated immune response is responsible for graft rejection. (c) Colostrum during initial days of lactation provides active immunity to infant. (d) None of the above 69. Which of the following statements regarding drugs are correct ? (i) Heroin, commonly called smack, is obtained by acetylation of morphine. (ii) Cocaine is obtained from the latex of Papaver somniferum. (iii) Marijuana interferes with the transmission of dopamine. (iv) Morphine is an effective sedative and pain killer. (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i) and (iv) (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (iii) and (iv) 70. What is true about T-lymphocytes in mammals ? (a) These are produced in thyroid. (b) These originate in lymphoid tissues. (c) They scavenge damaged cells and cellular debris. (d) There are three main types of T-lymphocytes - cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells and suppressor T cells. 71. Which of the following is the correct statement regarding the particular psychotropic drug specified? (a) Barbiturates cause relaxation and temporary euphoria (b) Hashish causes after thought perceptions and hallucinations. (c) Opium stimulates nervous system and causes hallucinations. (d) Morphine leads to delusions and disturbed emotions. 72. Which of the following statements is correct? (a) Malignant tumours may exhibit metastasis. (b) Patients who have undergone surgery are given cannabinoids to relieve pain. (c) Benign tumours show the property of metastasis. (d) Heroin accelerates body functions. 73. The following four statements (i - iv) kidney transplant. Identify the two correct statements. (i) Even if a kidney transplant is proper the recipient may need to take immunosuppresants for a long time. (ii) The cell-mediated immune response is responsible for the graft rejection. (iii) The B-lymphocytes are responsible for rejection of the graft. (iv) The acceptance or rejection of a kidney transplant depends on the specific interferons. (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii) (c) (iii) and (iv) (d) (i) and (iii) 74. Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to AIDS? (a) The causative HIV retrovirus enters helper T-lymphocytes thus reducing their numbers. (b) The HIV can be transmitted through eating food together with an infected person. (c) Drug addicts are least susceptible to HIV infection. (d) AIDS patients are being fully cured cent per cent with proper care and nutrition. 75. Select the correct statement. (a) Cocaine is given to patients after surgery as it stimulates recovery. (b) Barbiturates when given to criminals make them tell the truth. (c) Morphine is often given to persons who have undergone surgery as a pain killer. (d) Chewing tobacco lowers blood pressure and heart rate. 76. Sporozoites of the malarial parasite are found in (a) salivary glands of freshly moulted female Anopheles mosquito. (b) saliva of infected female Anopheles mosquito. (c) red blood corpuscles of humans suffering from malaria. (d) spleen of infected humans. 77. At which stage of HIV infection does one usually show symptoms of AIDS? (a) Within 15 days of sexual contact with an infected person. (b) When the infecting retrovirus enters host cells. (c) When viral DNA is produced by reverse transcriptase. (d) When HIV replicates rapidly in helper T-lymphocytes and damages large number of these. 78. Select the correct statement with respect to diseases and immunization. (a) Certain protozoans have been used to produce hepatitis B vaccine. (b) Injection of snake antivenom against snake bite is an example of active immunization. (c) If due to some reason B-and T-lymphocytes are damaged, the body will not produce antibodies against a pathogen. (d) Injection of dead / inactivated pathogens causes passive immunity. 79. Common cold differs from pneumonia in that (a) pneumonia is caused by a virus while the common cold is caused by the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae. EduHulk