Title CHUYÊN ĐỀ 12 ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ.doc ✅

1 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 12: MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ (RELATIVE CLAUSES) ❖ Mệnh đề quan hệ: Mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề dùng để giải thích rõ hơn về danh từ đứng trước nó. Nó được nối bởi một đại từ quan hệ. Ví dụ: The woman who is talking to the teacher is my mother. Trong câu này phần được viết chữ nghiêng được gọi là một relative clause, nó đứng sau danh từ “the woman” và dùng để xác định danh từ đó. Mệnh đề quan hệ được sử dụng với một đại từ quan hệ. 1. Các đại từ quan hệ Đại từ quan hệ Cách sử dụng Ví dụ Who Làm chủ ngữ và thay thế cho 1 danh từ chỉ người I told you about the woman who lives next door. Whom Làm tân ngữ và thay thế cho 1 danh từ chỉ người I was invited by the professor whom I met at the conference. Which Làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ và thay thế cho 1 danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật. Do you see the cat which is lying on the roof? She gave me a book which I like very much. Whose Chỉ sở hữu; whose được dùng với cả người và vật Do you know the boy whose mother is a nurse? That Có thể dùng thay thế cho who/ whom/ which trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định. The boy that (who) is the most intelligent in this class is my brother. The doctor that (whom) you met at the hospital is very talented. I like the dress that (which) she is wearing.  Chú ý: Có 2 loại mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề quan hệ hạn định và mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định. Mệnh đề quan hệ hạn định (Defining relative clause) Mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định (Non-defíning relative clause) Đây là mệnh đề cần thiết. Mệnh đề này là một bộ phận của câu. Thiếu nó câu sẽ không đầy đủ ý nghĩa. Ví dụ: - I told you about the woman who lives next door. - I was invited by the professor whom 1 met at the conference. - Do you see the cat which is lying on the roof? She gave me a book which I like very much. - Do you know the boy whose mother is a nurse? Lưu ý: Có thể dùng THAT trong mệnh đề quan hệ hạn định. Đây là loại mệnh đề không cần thiết vì tiền ngữ đã được xác định, không có nó câu vẫn đủ nghĩa. Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định được ngăn với mệnh đề chính bàng các dấu phẩy. Trước danh từ thường có: this, that, these, those, my, his... hoặc tên riêng. Ví dụ: - That man, whom you saw yesterday, is Mr Pike. - This is Mr Jones, who helped me last week. - Mary, whose sister 1 know, has won an Oscar. - Harry told me about his new job, which he's enjoying very much. Lưu ý: Không được dùng THAT trong mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định (non-defining relative clause). 2. Relative adverb (Trạng từ quan hệ) Trạng từ quan hệ có thể được sử dụng thay cho một đại từ quan hệ và giới từ. Cách nói này sẽ làm cho câu dễ hiểu hơn.

3 A. that B. which C. when D. B and C are correct 9. The reason Jim has just lost his job is that he didn’t work hard enough. A. that B. which C. why D. B and C are correct 10. They hid me the money in a place it was safe from robbers. A. which B. where C. that D. All are correct Exercise 3: Complete the sentences with relative pronoun: who, whom, that, which. 1. Have you got the money I lent you yesterday? 2. Peter, I had seen earlier, wasn’t at the party. 3. This is the machine cost half a million pounds. 4. Mary, had been listening to the conversation, looked angry. 5. Have you read the book I gave you? 6. The house, they bought three months ago, looks lovely. 7. Mrs. Jackson, had been very ill, died yesterday. 8. She is the woman sister looks after the baby for us. 9. The dog, had been very quiet, suddenly started barking. 10. I didn’t receive the letters she sent me. Exercise 4: Complete the sentences with relative pronoun or adverb. 1. Please tell me the reason I should let you go 2. Tell me the countries the traffic moves on the left-hand side. 3. We keep our bread in the fridge it doesn’t go bad 4. I used to enjoy the summer we had a big family picnic. 5. Did you remember the day 6. Thank you very much for the present I first met you? you sent me. 7. This is Mrs. Jones, son won the championship last year. 8. All of the people are looking at the man son has been kidnapped. 9. The student with she was dancing had a slight limb. 10. The man for I was waiting didn’t turn up. Exercise 5: Complete the sentences with relative pronoun: who, whom, that, which. 1. Tom made a number of suggestions, most of were very helpful. 2. Mart has three brothers, all of are married. 3. We were given a lot of information, most of was useless. 4. There were a lot of people at the party, only a few of I had met before. 5. I sent her two letters, neither of she has received. 6. I have two sisters, both of are doctors. 7. He lent me many picture-books, most of I had red. 8. The bur crashed into a queue of people. Four of were killed. 9. He paid me $5 for cleaning ten windows, most of hadn't been cleaned for at least a year. 10. In prison they fed us on dry bread, most of was moldy. Exercise 6: Complete the sentences with relative adverb. 1. We visited the school my father taught. 2. I met her last month, she came to our house. 3. We all looked at the place the fire had started. 4. Did they tell you the reason they were late? 5. We must find a time we can meet and a place we can talk. 6. They arrived in the evening, at a time we were all out. 7. I couldn’t understand the reason they were so rude. 8. I met him in the café he was working as a waiter. 9. I listen to music late at night, the children have gone to bed. 10. I bought them in August, I was in France. Exercise 7: Complete the sentences with preposition + relative pronoun.
4 1. The house I was born is for sales. 2. It is the chair he used to sit for meals. 3. In the middle of the village, there is a well the villagers take water to drink. 4. I must thank the people I got the present. 5. Do you know the doctor I send? 6. The man I was telling you is standing over there. 7. This is the man I gave some money this morning. 8. Ms. Young, many of her students are writing, is living happily and peacefully in Canada. 9. I like the teacher I learnt English in high school. 10. I’m doing a group work. Mr. John I was working is so generous and kind. Exercise 8: Match each pair of sentences with suitable relative pronoun. 1. This is the man. I met him in Paris.  2. I wanted the painting. You bought it.  3. This is the chair. My parents gave it to me.  4. She’s the woman. She telephoned the police.  5. He’s the person. He wanted to buy your house.  6. We threw out the computer. It never worked properly.  7. This is the lion. It’s been ill recently.  8. The man was badly injured. He was driving the car.  9. The children broke the window. They live in the next street.  10. That’s the woman. I was telling you about her.  Exercise 9: Match each pair of sentences with suitable relative adverb. 1. Last week I went to see the house. I used to live in it.  2. He used to go to work late. That’s why he was sacked.  3. I never forget the park. We met each other for the first time at this park.  4. The report was prepared yesterday. There was a heavy rain outside yesterday.  5. Her husband was abroad in September. She bought this house at that time.  6. This is my beloved school. I studied here when I was young.  7. They came home very late last night. Most of the family member had gone to sleep at that time.  8. I bought these pencils at the shop over there. 