Title 26. TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF DEFICIENCY DISORDERS.pdf ✅

PHARMD GURU Page 1 INTRODUCTION: Various vitamins and minerals (referred to as micronutrients) in different quantities are required for the proper body growth and development and also to protect body from various diseases. Some of these vitamins and minerals are not synthesized within the body, and thus it becomes essential to include them in diet. If the body does not absorbs or get the required amount of nutrition from food, condition of nutritional deficiency occurs that may cause various health-related problems, such as digestion problems, skin disorders, stunted or defective bone growth, and even dementia. Nutritional deficiency is mainly caused due to poor diet that lacks essential nutrients, a diseased condition, or a medication that obstructs absorption. Body also stores some nutrients so that no deficiency occurs until the body remains without the nutrient for some period. Symptoms of a nutritional deficiency depend on the lack individual specific nutrient within the body; but, some of the common symptoms an individual suffering from any type of nutritional deficiency experiences are as follows:  Pallor or pale skin  Fatigue and weakness  Trouble in breathing  Unusual food cravings  Loss of hair  Periods of light-headedness  Constipation  Sleepiness  Heart palpitations  Feeling faint or fainting  Depression  Tingling and numbness of joints  Menstrual issues, such as missed periods or very heavy cycles and  Poor concentration. TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF DEFICIENCY DISORDERS
PHARMD GURU Page 2 1)PROTEIN DEFICIENCY: The most prominent form of protein deficiency state is Protein-Calorie Malnutrition (PCM), frequently affecting the infants and children of 1-3 years. It is responsible for childhood morbidity and mortality, and also permanently impairs the physical and mental growth of surviving children. PCM BASICALLY IS THE RESULT OF: 1) Insufficient quantity and quality of diet due to poverty and ignorance, and 2) The infective and parasitic diseases. PROTEIN DEFICIENCY DISORDERS ARE: 1. KWASHIORKAR: “Kwashiorkar” was first identified by a Jamaican pediatrician Dr. Cicely Williams in young children as an acute form of protein-energy malnutrition characterized by edema, irritability, anorexia, ulcerating dermatoses and an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates. This situation develops in young children when the mother replaces the breast milk which is rich in proteins and vital amino acids with diet rich in carbohydrates. As a result of insufficient protein consumption, but with sufficient calorie intake, kwashiorkor develops. Kwashiorkor cases are often seen in areas of poor food supply. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: The signs and symptoms of Kwashiorkar are: 1. Typical ulcerating dermatosis 2. Pedal edema (swelling of the feet) 3. Distended abdomen 4. An enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates 5. Thinning hair 6. Loss of teeth 7. Skin depigmentation and dermatitis. 8. Irritability 9. Anorexia.