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Colin: I just put something about getting experience of the different sorts of procedures used on a field trip. But we need something about what causes different organisms to choose particular habitats. [6] Helen: I agree. And something about finding out how to protect organisms in danger of dying out? Colin: In our aims? But we weren’t really looking at that. Helen: I suppose not. OK, now there’s the list of equipment we all had to bring on the field trip. What did they tell us to bring a ruler for? Colin: It was something about measuring the slope of the shore, but of course we didn’t need it because we were measuring wind direction, and we’d brought the compass for that… Helen: But not the piece of string to hold up in the air! Didn’t Mr Blake make a fuss about us leaving that behind. [7] Colin: Yeah. He does go on. Anyway it was easy to get one from another of the students. Helen: Now, the next section’s the procedure. I sent you the draft of that. Colin: Yeah. It was clear, but I don’t think we need all these details of what time we left and what time we got back and how we divided up the different research tasks. [8] Helen: OK. I’ll look at that again. Colin: Then we have to describe our method of investigation in detail. So let’s begin with how we measured wave speed. I was surprised how straightforward that was. [9] Helen: I’d expected us to have some sort of high-tech device, not just stand there and count the number of waves per minute. [9] Not very precise, but I suppose it was good enough. But the way we measured the amount of salt was interesting. Colin: In the water from the rock pools? Helen: Yeah, oh, I wanted to check the chemicals we used in the lab when we analysed those samples – was it potassium chromate and silver nitrate? Colin: That’s right. Helen: OK. And we need the map of the seashore. You just left that to me. And I had to do it while the tide was low, well that was OK, but the place I started it from was down on the beach, then I realised I should have gone up higher to get better visibility, so I had to start all over again. [10] But at least I’d got the squared paper or I’d have had problems drawing it all to scale. Colin: Yes. It looks good. We could get a map of the region off the internet and see if we need to make any changes. Helen: I had a look but I couldn’t find anything. But you took some pictures, didn’t you? Colin: Yeah. I’ll email you them if you want. Helen: OK. I’ll make my amendments using those, then I can scan it into our report. Great PART 3: Welcome to Manham Port, where a thousand years of history are brought to life. All the family can enjoy a day out at Manham: visit our copper mine, see models of the machinery it used, have your photo taken in nineteenth-century costume, experience at first hand how people lived at different stages throughout history[11] , and especially how children studied, worked and played. The port of Manham is located in beautiful and peaceful countryside, on a bend in the great River Avon, and developed here because it’s the highest navigable point of the Avon – boats can go no higher up this river – and proved a handy place to load and unload cargo to and from the sea, which is over 23 miles away. A small port was already established here when, about 900 years ago, tin was discovered nearby, though it wasn’t until the Industrial Revolution, when a tremendous need for metals of all kinds developed, that Manham expanded to become one of the busiest ports in the country [12]. And because it was already so busy, prospectors began to look for other minerals, and by the end of the nineteenth century, lead, copper, manganese and arsenic were added to the cargos leaving Manham.
In the early days, the ores had been smelted – or processed – in the same area they were mined. But, as demand grew, the smelting process required huge factory furnaces or fires to melt the metal from the rock and there was not enough coal in the local area, so the rocks containing minerals had to be shipped long distances [13]. Sadly, in the twentieth century, the great port of Manham declined, and thousands of workers were forced to emigrate out of the area [14]. The building at the port fell into disrepair, and the place became almost forgotten. But then, the Manham Trust was formed to conserve the historical resources of the area. It organised scores of local volunteers to remove undergrowth to find the original outlines of the installations. It then brought in paid professionals to match installations with maps of the original port complex and to set about reconstructing it [15]. Today you can see the results of this ambitious programme of restoration. The intention, and we believe this will be realised before the end of the year, is to return Manham Port to the condition it reached at its peak as ‘the greatest copper port in the country’