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Content text HSG12-CĐ3-HỢP CHẤT CHỨA NITROGEN-HỢP CHẤT DỊ VÒNG.pdf

1 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 16: HỢP CHẤT CHỨA NITROGEN, HỢP CHẤT DỊ VÒNG Phần I: HỆ THỐNG LÝ THUYẾT CƠ BẢN VÀ NÂNG CAO A - AMINE Amine 3 hydrogen hydrocarbon hydrogen amine hydrocarbon nitrogen : RNH2 R2NH R3N R4N +X - Amine Amine Amine monium I. DANH PHÁP I.1. amine hydrocarbon amine : CH3NH2 : methylamine (CH3)3N : trimethylamine CH3CH2NH2 : ethylamine CH3-CH2-N(CH3)2 : dimethylethylamine (CH3)2NH : dimethylamine CH3-CH2-NH-CH3 : methylethylamine I.2. amino amino -NH2 amino; -NHCH3 methylamino; -N(CH3)2 dimethylamino;...
2 C ọ ừ Aniline 2-methylaniline 3-methylaniline 4-methylaniline N-methylaniline N, N-dimethylaniline ethyltrimethylammonium chloride Đ ỀU CHẾ II.1. Alkyl NH3 amine : dùng amine. 3 amine   alcohol acid aluminium oxide: C2H5OH + NH3   H C2H5NH2 + H2O C2H5OH + C2H5NH2   H (C2H5)2NH + H2O NH2 Anilin 2 - metylanilin 3 - metylanilin 4 - metylanilin ( o - Toludin ) ( m - Toludin ) ( p - Toludin ) NH2 CH3 NH2 CH3 NH2 CH3 N-metylanilin N,N-dimetylanilin 3 CH CH3 N 3 NH CH : trimetyletylamoniclorua + _ Cl 3 ) 3 CH2 N (CH CH3 RX + NH3 RNH3X + _ NH3, to RNH2 + NH4X RX + + _ NH3, to RNH2 R + NH4X 2NH2X R2NH 2NH3 340 Co 340 atm C6H5Cl + C6H5NH2 + NH4Cl
3 II.2. N amine amine C6H5NO2 + 6H  C6H5NH2 + 2H2O : hydrogen ; ... ; 4HS; H2/Ni,Pt II.3. ứ :  Nitrin :  amid: II.4. P ứ phthalimide potassium phthalimide T NH CHẤT V T amine ammonia amine amine amine V T NH CHẤT H HỌC IV.1. T base amine nitrogen nitrogen base amine base base : (CH3)2NH CH3NH2 NH3 C6H5NH2 (C6H5)2NH pKb 3,23 3,38 4,75 9,42 13,1 lkyl amine base alkyl amine alkyl: C6H5CH2C N Na + C2H5O H C6H5 CH2 CH2NH2 CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2NH2 CH LiAlH4 3 CH2 CH2 C N C LiAlH4 6H5CONH2 C6H5CH2NH2 C NH C O O KOH C2H5OH C NK C O O RI - KI C N C O O R H2O H + O O C C OH OH + RNH2 amin amine
4 (CH3)2NH (CH3)3N (C2H5)2NH (C2H5)3N pKb 3,23 4,2 3,07 3,13 amine acid acid RNH2 + HCl  RNH3Cl IV.2. P ứ alkyl amine V P ứ carboxylic acid, anhydride acid hydrochloric acid hydrogen nitrogen C6H5NH2 + CH3COOH  C6H5NHCOCH3 + H2O C6H5NH2 + (CH3CO)2O  C6H5NHCOCH3 + CH3COOH acetanilide amine amino : IV.4. P ứ nitrous acid HNO2  Amine 2 sinh ra alcohol nitrogen : RNH2 + HNO2  ROH + N2 + H2O  Amine 2 acid um: um RNH2 + R'X NH2,X R R' t o NH R R' + HX NH2 (CH3CO)2O - CH3COOH NHCOCH3 HNO3 H2SO4 NHCOCH3 H2O/ H - CH3COOH NO2 + NH2 NO2 phenyl diazoni clorua + _ C [ C6H5N N ] Cl + 6H5NH2 + HNO2 2H2O NaNO2 / HCl O Co 5 Co C6H5N2,Cl C6H5OH + N2 + HCl + _ H2O C6H5N2,Cl C6H5Cl + N2 + _ CuCl diazonium chloride

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