Title DAY 30 - SURVEYING 3.pdf ✅

MATHEMATICS, SURVEYING, TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING, AND CONSTRUCTION presented by: Gwyneth B. Hermoso Kippap Civil Engineering SURVEYING
DAY 30: SURVEYING LECTURE OUTLINE • Stadia • Horizontal Line of Sight • Inclined Line of Sight • Sensitivity of Bubble Tube • Subtense Bar Method • Mean Sea Level • Curvature and Refraction • Three-Hill Problem Just like leveling—stay balanced, even if everything feels a little off.
STADIA Just like leveling—stay balanced, even if everything feels a little off. Transit - a sighting instrument that can be rotated horizontally and vertically. Thus, it is used to measure both horizontal and vertical angles. Stadia Intercept, S – the difference between the upper and lower readings. Stadia Interval Factor, K – the ratio of the stadia intercept to the distance between the focal point and the rod. Stadia Constant, C – the distance from the center of the instrument. DAY 30: SURVEYING
HORIZONTAL LINE OF SIGHT Just like leveling—stay balanced, even if everything feels a little off. d = kS For older instruments with external focusing telescopes: d = kS + C DAY 30: SURVEYING