Title NCM 117 LEC PRELIMS ✅

NCM 117 LEC PRELIMS by TONS and MADS ❖ Psychiatric or neurologic emergencies (renders the service user with temporary loss of capacity) - Provision to treatment without informed consent can be valid only during these. ❖ Protect human rights, inform the client about the nature of their illness and treatments available - This is how we can help the client be included in the decision-making ❖ Legal representative - These are designated by the client and are responsible for providing support and help and represent their interest, receive medical information about the service user, and the exercise of any right, all in accordance with the Act. ❖ Spouse, non-minor children, and either parent by mutual consent - This is how a legal representative is decided should there be no legal representative assigned ❖ UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities - The mental health act was ensured to be compatible with this while it was being drafted. Hence, UN regional authorities and CHR, among others, were involved ❖ Insanity plea - If an accused, in the court, calls for this and has proof that they are under treatment prior to the crime, the treatment psychiatrist will most likely be summoned to the court. ❖ Deliver competent and compassionate care; respect the rights and autonomy of the client; and act within the boundaries of the law - This is how ethics in the care of clients with mental illnesses are observed (Deliver, respect, act) ❖ Written informed consent, including permission as to how much can be disclosed - This is needed should a client refuse to divulge their mental illness to others. It must be reflected in the nurses' notes and patient records. ❖ Avoid methods which may inflict pain or torture (such as restraints if unnecessary). - This is how respect for human rights is ensured for patients being treated for mental health disorders ❖ Lack of health professionals and services - Mental health services in the Philippines are considered to be underutilized and stems from -- choose ➢ 1.) lack of health professionals and services or ➢ 2.) general reluctance to seek these services. ❖ Affordability - the cost of counseling in the Philippines range from 500 to 2,000 Philippine pesos (Php) which is relatively high when juxtaposed with the daily minimum wage - This is considered to be the reason as to why patients seek alternative medicine compared to trained mental health professionals CULTURE 1. Bahala Na: This cultural belief was analyzed in comparison to fatalistic resignation or withdrawal from a crisis or distancing from responsibility. Another interpretation is when Filipinos accept difficult situations before them and will do their best to achieve their objectives 2. Hiya (shame) - a. It is the uncomfortable feeling that accompanies awareness of being in a socially unacceptable position, or performing a socially unacceptable action. It could be a potential barrier or a compounding problem to seeking mental health services. b. It is a painful emotion arising from real or imagined transgressions of social norms or authority figures. Therefore, if having a mental disorder or psychological problems are frowned upon then the individual will avoid divulging these issues to the public at all costs 3. Pakikisama - This behavior is defined as having smooth interpersonal relations by going along with the group or the majority decision. These characteristics would help mental health professionals transition from being an ordinary person to someone a client can trust 4. Pakikipagkapwa - This behavior is treating the other person as a fellow human being. These characteristics would help mental health professionals transition from being an ordinary person to someone a client can trust a. Being sensitive to non-verbal cues, being truthful, having concern for other's feelings, letting the interviewer interview you b. This is how nonverbal cues, as pakikiramdam, should be implemented to help providers to establish rapport (Being S to these, T, and having C for this. Letting the I do this to you) 5. Puri - Honor in the physical form, such as that t bestowed through compliments or applauses for a good performance 6. Dangal - Honor from within-knowledge of one's true worth, character, achievement, and success. 7. Role of supernatural beings or mangkukulam - Dissociative disorders relate the symptoms as a result of spirit possession (having offended spirits), rather than that of a psychological disorder 8. Lack of balance - an individual worries too much and overworks, thereby leading to increased stress that causes illnesses. 9. Relationship problems as causes of MHDs - Emotional problems are considered transitory and relationship-related, and can be treated by talking to family members, friends, or other trusted individuals, instead of seeking professional help 10. Personal responsibility as a cause of mental disorder - Mental disorder is caused by a 'softness' in character and individual attributes. The media also portrays those with psychological and physical illnesses as an evil act. With this in mind, it is also believed that it is the responsibility of the person suffering from the mental disorder to cope with their existing distress 11. Sumpa (curse) - Filipino beliefs also suggest that physical and psychological illnesses are caused by these brought about by violating strict family or cultural values. 12. Public stigma - This discourages individuals from seeking mental health services, and its detrimental effect on mental health has been reported in developed countries and among Asian cultures. 13. Private stigma - internalized version of public stigma which results in diminished self-worth and self-efficacy, shame, low self-esteem, and subsequent reluctance to seek treatment. 3