Title 5_Thermodynamics & Chemical Energetics.pdf ✅

PRE-MEDICAL 1 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY Serial No. MODULE-1 Page No. 1. Some basic concepts of Chemistry 2. Atomic structure 3. Chemical Equilibrium 4. Ionic Equilibrium 5. Thermodynamics & Chemical Energetics 6. Redox reactions 7. Behaviour of Gases 8. Hints and Solutions
PRE-MEDICAL 2 CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS AND ENERGETICS S.No. CONTENTS Page No. THERMODYNAMICS 1. Introduction 2. Some important terms 3. Type of thermodynamic process 4. Work and Heat 5. Internal energy 6. Laws of thermodynamics 7. Enthalpy 8. Heat capacity 9. Work done in different process 10. Spontaneous and non-spontaneous process 11. Entropy 12. Gibbs energy ENERGETICS 13. Introduction 14. Heat of reaction 15. Types of heat or reaction 16. Laws of thermochemistry 17. Exercise-I (Conceptual Questions) 18. Exercise-II (Previous Years Questions) 19. Exercise-III (Analytical Questions) 20. Exercise-IV (Assertion & Reason)
PRE-MEDICAL 3 CHEMICAL THEROMODYNAMICS 5.0 INTRODUCTION Thermo (Heat/energy) + Dynamic (Flow/motion) Thermodynamics is the branch of science which deals with the energy changes taking place in all physical and chemical processes but Chemical thermodynamics is the branch of thermodynamic which deals with the study of energy changes taking place in chemical processes. Advantages of thermodynamics : (i) It gives information about various thermodynamic laws. (ii) It helps us to predict whether a given chemical reaction will take place not under the given set of conditions. (iii) It gives information about various energy changes. Limitations of thermodynamics : (i) Thermodynamics deals with the properties like temperature, pressure, volume etc of matter in bulk but doesn’t tell us anything about the individual properties of atoms or molecules. Or Thermodynamics deals with macroscopic models but not with microscopic models. (ii) It tells us whether a given chemical reaction will take place or not under the given set conditions but doesn’t tell us anything about the rate of reaction. 5.1 SOME IMPORTANT TERMS :  System : A system is defined as a specific part of universe or specified portion of the matter which is under experimental investigation.  Surrounding : The rest part of the universe excluding the system is called surrounding. Universe = System + Surrounding  Boundary : Anything which separates system and surrounding is called boundary/ Types of boundary : (i) Boundary can be conducting or non-conducting. (ii) Boundary can be rigid or non-rigid. (iii) Boundary can be real or imaginary. For example : A reaction is carried out in a beaker. The contents of beaker constitute the system, beaker serves as boundary and the anything which is outside the beaker is called surroundings. 5.2 TYPES OF SYSTEM Systems are of 3 types Open system : This type of system can exchange energy as well as matter with the surrounding. The boundary is neither sealed nor insulated. Total mass will not remain constant. Eg. 1. Coffee in open glass. Hot water in open glass. Eg. 2 All living systems, human being, plants, animals. Eg. 3 Classroom, earth