Title COMPRE - HANDOUTS - OB - (Mr. Aragon) ✅

TOP RANK REVIEW ACADEMY, INC. Page 1 | COMPREHENSIVE PHASE HANDOUTS OBSTETRIC NURSING Prepared By: Mr. Joseph Jansen Almoite Aragon RN, RM, LPT NOVEMBER 2025 Philippine Nurse Licensure Examination Review THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE- cyclic endometrial bleeding in response to hormonal changes. Normal ✔ Having a cycle anywhere from 24-38 days ✔ Bleeding anywhere from 2-7 th day ✔ Losing 5-80 mL over the course of menstrual period ✔ Color: dark red ✔ Iron loss: 11 mg What to report: Body parts involved Hormones involved 1. Uterus none 2. Hypothalamus GnRH- Gonadotropin releasing hormone 3. Anterior Pituitary Gland a. FSH- follicle stimulating hormone 1. hormone for maturation of ovum 2. stimulates ovary to produce estrogen b. LH- luteinizing hormone 1. hormone for ovulation __________________________ 2. stimulates ovary to produce progesterone 4. Ovaries Almond-shaped female sex glands for production of Estrogen and Progesterone. Notes: ESTROGEN- development of secondary sexual characteristics Growth spurt. Fat distribution in the hips and legs. (increase in the transverse diameter of the pelvis) T-helarche (beginning of breast dev’t) A-drenarche (pubic hair) M-enarche (onset of menstruation) A- drenarche(axillary hair) Vaginal secretions PROGESTERONE- prepares the endometrium for implantation. Increases BBT Responsible for breast development Responsible for mammary gland development Responsible for growth of long bones and early closure of epiphysis of long bones Mood Swings Responsible for increased sexual desires and increased vaginal lubrication Muscle relaxant Inhibits FSH Inhibits LH Responsible for fertile cervical mucus Responsible for infertile cervical mucus OVARIAN CYCLE (hormone production, maturation of ovum, ovulation, development of Corpus Luteum) UTERINE CYCLE (endometrial changes are controlled by the ovarian cycle) * NLE * NCLEX * HAAD * PROMETRICS * DHA * MIDWIFERY * LET * RAD TECH * CRIMINOLOGY * DENTISTRY * PHARMACY * MED TECH
TOP RANK REVIEW ACADEMY, INC. Page 2 | FOLLICULAR (1-14) MENSTRUAL= bleeding (Day 1-6) PROLIFERATIVE = thickening (Day 7-14) LUTEAL (15-28) SECRETORY= twisted and spongy (Day 15-26) ISCHEMIC= vasoconstriction (Day 27-28) Related Terminologies 1. Menarche First menstruation 2. Dysmenorrhea Excessive menstrual pain a. Primary = idiopathic b. Secondary = due to pelvic pathology 3. Amenorrhea Absence of menstruation a. Primary- menses have never occurred b. Secondary- previously menstrual bleeding has occurred 4. Metrorrhagia bleeding in between menses/ bleeding at irregular intervals. 5. Menorrhagia Losing more than 80 mL or more in each period. Bleeding that lasts more than 7 days. 6. Menopause Cessation of menses. Average age 51 Notes on Menstrual Cycle FERTILIZATION= union of ovum and sperm = ZYGOTE Other terms ___________________________________________ Fertilization would result to 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes Site= Ampulla of Fallopian Tube IN MULTIFETAL PREGNANCY Dizygotic twins Monozygotic twins Types DICHORIONIC DIAMNIONIC 2 placentas, 2 amniotic sacs, 2 fetuses MONOCHORIONIC DIAMNIONIC 1 placenta, 2 amniotic sacs. 2 fetuses MONOCHORIONIC MONOAMNIONIC 1 placenta, 1 amniotic sac, 2 fetuses CONJOINED TWIN = cleavage is incomplete COMPLICATIONS 1. Pre-eclampsia 2. Polyhydramnios 3. Over-distension of uterus 4. Prematurity and LBW 5. Postpartum hemorrhage 6. Malpresentation 7. Cord Prolapse 8. Dystocia 9. Maternal anemia 10. Structural abnormalities FETAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT