Title Unit 6.docx ✅

Unit 6: ENDANGERED SPECIES A. PHONETICS Read the following sentences. Decide and underline where the linking /r/ is likely to happen in fast, connected speech. 1. The car is his. and the car door is open. 2. My brother is a doctor, and his future is bright. 3. His hair is dark, and he always wears a hat to work. 4. The people are in the house. 5. They are able to drive at the age of eighteen. 6. We have to answer a question about the environment. 7. There’s a tour along the river. 8. He introduced his father-in-law and mother-in-law to the guests. B. VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR I)-Fill in each blank in the sentences with the correct word from the box. extinct habitat endangered vulnerable poaching poachers biodiversity conservation 1. By losing _____________ , we are losing the chance to discover new medicines that could end the suffering of millions of people. 2. Do not purchase illegal products that come from _____________ species. 3. Since 1600 about 500 species of animals have become _____________. 4. Although _____________ groups are working to protect wildlife, natural habitats are still being destroyed. 5. Due to _____________ and civil war, the population of gorillas drops sharply. 6. Logging, oil and gas drilling, over-grazing and development all result in _____________ destruction. 7. The more species disappear, the more entire eco-systems become _____________. 8. _____________ are killing rhinos because of their horns. II)-Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct word from the box. endangered preparation decline survival diet population access species poaching wild Cat Ba Langurs Cat Ba langurs are one of several langur (1) _____________ that are closely associated with limestone areas. The (2) _____________ of the Cat Ba langur consists mainly of leaves, but also includes fresh shoots, flowers, bark and some fruits. The World Conservation Union lists the Cat Ba langur as one of the most critically (3) _____________ primate species in the world due to its small (4) _____________ size and restricted range. Only about 60 langurs currently survive in the (5) _____________. In the past, (6) _____________ constituted the primary threat to langur survival and resulted in a population decline from an estimated 2,500-2,800 individuals in the 1960s to a mere 53 individuals by 2000. As a result of this steep (7) _____________ in numbers, the remaining langur population is now highly fragmented and low reproductive output threatens their future (8) _____________. Some of these include all-female groups with no (9) _____________ to males and are therefore non-reproducing social units. Langurs were mainly poached for the (10) _____________ of traditional medicine. III. Fill in each gap in the sentences with ONE suitable word.
1. Gorilla and chimpanzee populations in Central Africa continue to decline due to _____________, habitat loss and disease. 2. To ensure the _____________ of the world's animals, we must learn how to keep 'sustainable populations' alive for the animals to _____________ on their own. 3. We now realise that it is important to maintain the planet's _____________, which is the richness of animal and plant life. 4. A _____________ is any natural region where wildlife lives undisturbed, for example, forests, ponds, marshes or deserts. 5. Take _____________ actions in your own community. 6. Officials said there were no _____________ of the plane crash. IV) -Fill in each blank with the suitable word from the root word provided. 1. survive (v) A. Many of our crop plants rely on some insects to produce seeds, and would not _____________ without them. B. By protecting the habitats, we ensure the _____________ of gorillas and the other species. C. The government is sending help to the _____________ of the earthquake. 2. conserve (v) A. To save mountain gorillas, we must _____________ their habitat. B. There are _____________ organisations which try to make people aware of the problems facing wild animals. C. ____________ are calling for additional measures with a focus on more effective management of the habitat. 3. danger (n) A. There are many different organizations working to protect and conserve _____________ species and their habitats. B. The destruction of wildlife habitats is a major cause of species _____________. C. Floods and droughts are both _____________ to humans and crops. 4. extinct (adj) A. The dodo very quickly declined in numbers, and it was _____________ by 1681. B. People all over the world are working to help save endangered animals from ___________. C. The fireman could not _____________ the flames. 5. vulnerable (adj) A. The impacts of biodiversity loss include fewer new medicines, greater _____________ to natural disasters and greater effects from global warming. B. Komodo dragons are listed as _____________ because human activity and natural disasters reduced their number significantly in the past century. C. His condition left him _____________ exposed to the slightest cold or cough. V. Choose the correct verb form to complete the sentences. 1. I think I _______ my door key. I can’t find it anywhere. A. will have lost B. am losing C. have lost D. will lose 2. Mr. Edwards _______ history for 35 years, and is retiring soon. A. teaches B. will have taught C. taught D. has been teaching 3. The number of working women in our country _______ from 49% in 1980 to nearly 65% nowadays. A. has been increasing B. has increased C. is increasing D. will have increased 4. By the time you come back, I _______ my assignments.
A. will finish B. will be finishing C. have finished D. will have finished 5. I’m tired. I _______ the house since 9 this morning. A. am cleaning B. will have cleaned C. had been cleaning D. have been cleaning 6. She _______ two miles and a half, and now she feels exhausted. A. will have run B. was running C. has run D. has been running 7. We all hope that the dispute _______ by the end of the month. A. was going to solve B. will have been solved C. had been solved D. is supposed to solve 8. By December next year, we _______ in this house for twenty years. A. will have lived B. have lived C. will live D. had lived VI. Rewrite these sentences, using double comparatives. 1. The value of a picture depends on how famous the artist is. 2. The crowd became increasingly angry at the long delay. 3. How well I sleep depends on how late I go to bed. 4. My father doesn’t spend much time with my family because he works so hard. 5. The traffic moves very slowly as more cars come into the city. 6. The idea becomes less attractive as I think about it more. 7. It’s hard to concentrate when you are tired. 8. The service of a hotel depends on how expensive it is. C. READING I. Read the passage, and do the tasks that follow. Bring Back the Wooly Mammoth? Scientists estimate that throughout the course of the Earth’s history, more than a billion different species of animals and insects have existed. Today, there are only about 30-50 million species left. That means that for every species living on the Earth today, 20 more are already extinct. Scientists study extinct species to get a better understanding of the past. There are a number of serious proposals to try to revive extinct species. Some animals on this list include: the wooly mammoth (an elephant-like creature), the moa (a giant flightless bird from New Zealand), the thylacine (also known as the Tasmanian tiger because of the dark stripes down its back), and the bucardo (a mountain goat from Spain). These animals had very little in common. The wooly mammoth, for example, died many thousands of years ago while the bucardo became extinct only around the year 2000. But all these species lived at the same time as humans, and humans have been largely responsible for their destruction. So it seems somehow fitting that we are now thinking of reviving them.
Scientists have proposed reviving an extinct species using two possible methods. In the first method, sex cells (sperm or eggs) are obtained from the extinct animal and are used to fertilize sex cells of a closely related living relative in a laboratory. For example, sperm from a wooly mammoth could be used to fertilize an egg from a modern-day elephant. The fertilized egg would then be placed in the live female elephant where it would live and grow until it is ready to be born. The second method involves a type of cloning. In cloning, the DNA of one individual replaces the DNA of another. In the woolly mammoth example, scientists could inject DNA from a mammoth into an egg cell from an elephant. The cloned egg would then be placed into a living elephant and allowed to develop in the same way as a fertilized egg. But some scientists believe species revival will never happen because both methods are problematic. One of the major challenges is how to obtain enough high-quality DNA from an extinct species to conduct an experiment. Scientists have been able to clone only a few species of animals, and most cloned animals don’t live very long. And there is a final, ethical consideration. Even if we learn to reproduce an example of an extinct species, that individual could never have a normal life. Its natural environment is most likely gone and it would have no parents to show it how to behave as a member of its species. So the animal would remain a curiosity and probably live out its life in a zoo. Only time will tell if scientists manage to carry out their ambitious plans. Even if they manage to overcome the scientific problems, they may face opposition from society. Some even feel it might be more worthwhile for us to focus our efforts on conservation and take care of existing species, so they don’t also go the way of the wooly mammoth. Task 1: Read the text, and identify whether the statements are true (T), or false (F). T F 1. Studying extinct species can help us understand the past.   2. The moa is known for the dark stripes down its back.   3. The bucardo died out before the mammoth did.   4. Both methods require the extinct species to develop from an egg.   5. Scientists have successfully managed to preserve mammoth DNA.   6. People may not want to see extinct species revived.   7. Scientists have been able to clone an extinct species.   8. Most cloned species have long life expectancy.   Task 2: Read the passage again, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question. 1. Which statement is true regarding the number of species on the Earth? A. At one point, there used to be over a billion species living on the Earth. B. There are more extinct species than there are living species. C. About 20 species of animals are going extinct every day. D. Throughout the Earth's history, more than one billion species of animals have existed. 2. What does the last sentence of the second paragraph “So it seems somehow fitting that we are now thinking of reviving them ” mean? A. These species deserve to be revived because they died of unnatural causes. B. Only humans have the intelligence and ability to revive these extinct species. C. Since these species lived at the same time as humans, we know how to revive them. D. Since humans contributed to their extinction, humans should also be responsible for their revival. 3. Both methods of reviving an extinct species require _______. A. the DNA of the extinct species B. the sperm of the extinct species C. a living species that is closely related to the extinct species D. the cloned egg cells placed into a living species