Title 37. Biodiversity and its Conservation.pdf ✅

FACT/DEFINITION TYPE QUESTIONS 1. Biodiversity describes the study of diversity (a) below species level. (b) at species level. (c) at community level. (d) at all levels of biological organization. 2. Alpha diversity is present (a) within community. (b) between community. (c) ranges of communities. (d) all of the above. 3. Diversity between two communities is called (a) alpha diversity (b) beta diversity (c) gamma diversity (d) none of these 4. Diversity of habitat over the total landscape is called (a) b-diversity (b) g-diveristy (gamma) (c) landscape diversity (d) ecosystem diversity 5. Which one of the following pairs of geographical areas show maximum biodiversity in our country? (a) Sunderbans and Rann of Kutch (b) Eastern Ghats and West Bengal (c) Eastern Himalaya and Western Ghats (d) Kerala and Punjab 6. IUCN stands for (a) Indian Union for Conservation of Nature (b) International Union for Conservation of Nature (c) Indian Union for Chemical Nomenclature (d) International Union for Conservation of Nutrients 7. According to IUCN 2004, the total number of plant and animal species described so far is slightly more than (a) 5 million (b) 7 million (c) 1.5 million (d) 0.5 million 8. More than 70% of all the species recorded so far, are (a) insects (b) plants (c) animals (d) invertebrates 9. Exotic species (a) are often endangered. (b) usually increase biodiversity. (c) often enhance the habitat for native species. (d) usually reduce biodiversity. 10. The highest number of species in the world is represented by (a) algae (b) lichens (c) fungi (d) mosses 11. Which of the following is not the example of recent extinction (a) Steller’s sea cow (b) Dodo (c) Quagga (d) Pigeon 12. Which vertebrate group is more vulnerable to extinction? (a) Birds (b) Amphibians (c) Mammals (d) Fishes 13. From origin of life to its diversification on earth, there have occurred following number of episodes of mass extinction. (a) Two (b) Three (c) Four (d) Five 14. The ‘Evil Quartet’ of biodiversity loss, does not include (a) habitat loss (b) introduction of alien species (c) o-exploitation (d) hunting 15. Amazon rain forest, called the ‘Lungs of the Planet’, contribute following percentage of oxygen by photosynthesis, to earth atmosphere (a) 20% (b) 35% (c) 42% (d) 50% 16. The taxa believed likely to join the endangered category in near future is called (a) Rare (b) Extinct (c) Vulnerable (d) Living fossil Chapter 37 =dj_dq`mndot\i_ >jin`mq\odji
Biodiversity and Conservation 311 17. The Cichlid species of Lake Victoria were driven to, or nearly to, extinction by the introduction of _________. (a) North American sturgeon (b) Nile perch (c) Eels (d) Bass 18. Which of the following is not currently a major cause of the global reduction in biodiversity? (a) Overexploitation (b) Global warming (c) Habitat destruction (d) Introduction of foreign predators and disease 19. Which of the following is the most serious threat to biodiversity? (a) Competition from exotic species (b) Commercial harvesting (c) Habitat loss (d) Overexploitation 20. Which of the following characteristics would cause a country to be considered a high-priority region for conservation efforts? (a) A high degree of endemism (b) Having low species richness (c) Having little natural habitat remaining (d) All of the above 21. Which of the following is not the approach for in-situ conservation ? (a) Biosphere reserve (b) Sanctuary (c) Wild life safari park (d) Sacred groove 22. The area where wild populations, traditional life styles and genetic resources are protected is called (a) core zone (b) buffer zone (c) biosphere reserve (d) manipulation zone 23. Which of the following is considered a hot-spot of biodiversity in India? (a) Indo-Gangetic Plain (b) Eastern Ghats (c) Aravalli Hills (d) Western Ghats 24. Hotspots of biodiversity means (a) areas of the earth that contain many endemic species. (b) species serves as proxy for entire communities in particular area. (c) species in particular niche/area. (d) species diversity at particular area. 25. Endemic plants and animals are those which are (a) cosmopolitan in distribution. (b) restricted to certain area. (c) found in arctic region. (d) gregarious in habit. 26. Animals and plants are best protected in (a) zoos (b) botanical gardens (c) sanctuaries (d) national parks 27. The total number of national parks and sanctuaries in India are (a) 82 national parks and 410 sanctuaries. (b) 83 national parks and 421 sanctuaries. (c) 85 national parks and 450 sanctuaries. (d) 87 national parks and 460 sanctuaries. 28. Which one of the following is an example of ex-situ conservation? (a) National park (b) Wildlife sanctuary (c) Seed bank (d) Sacred groves 29. In cryopreservation germplasm is maintained at (a) – 196° F (b) 0° F (c) – 100° F (d) none of these STATEMENT TYPE QUESTIONS 30. Mark the correct statement (a) Amazonian rain forest has greatest biodiversity on earth. (b) According to Robert May estimates, the global species diversity is 7 million. (c) Biodiversity is greatest in tropics. (d) All of the above 31. Best way to preserve the wild life is (a) to kill the predators. (b) vaccinize the animals. (c) to preserve natural habitat. (d) optimize the breeding habit. 32. Which one of the following statement is correct for botanical garden? (a) They provide a beautiful area for recreation. (b) One can observe tropical plants there. (c) They allow ex-situ conservation of germ plasm. (d) They provide the natural habitat for wildlife. 33. Which of the following is done in a wild life sanctuary? (a) conservation of fauna (b) conservation of flora (c) utiliation of soil and flora (d) prohibition of hunting 34. Which one of the following does not represent biodiversity of a geographical region? (i) Genetic diversity present is in the dominant species of the region . (ii) Species endemic to the region. (iii) Endangered species found in the region. (iv) The diversity in the organisms living in the region. (a) (i) & (ii) (b) (iii) & (iv) (c) (ii) only (d) (iv) only EduHulk 315
312 Biology 35. Which one of the following shows concept of species- area relationship? (a) The number of species in an area increases with the size of the area. (b) Larger species require larger habitat areas than do smaller species. (c) Most species within any given area are endemic. (d) The larger the area, the greater the extinction rate. 36. Which one of the following statement is true for genetic diversity? (a) The total genetic information contained within all individuals of species. (b) The total phenotypic information contained within all individuals of a species. (c) The variety of life-forms on earth. (d) The variety of biotic communities in a region along with abiotic components. 37. Which of the following is not a step in understanding biodiversity? (a) Naming the species (b) Looking at other related species (c) Assessing the species geographic range (d) Quantifying the species genome 38. Which one is the most important human activity leading to extinction of wildlife? (a) Alteration and destruction of the natural habitats. (b) Hunting for commercially valuable wildlife products. (c) Pollution of air and water. (d) Introduction of alien species. 39. Sacred groves are found in (a) Khasi and Jaintia Hills in Meghalaya. (b) Aravalli Hills of Rajasthan. (c) Western ghat regions of Karnataka and Maharashtra and Sarguja, Chanda and Bastar areas of Madhya Pradesh. (d) All of the above 40. Modern ex-situ conservation includes (i) cryopreservation techniques (ii) in vitro-fertilization (ii) propagation of plants by using tissue culture methods (a) Only (i) (b) Only (iii) (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) All of these 41. Biodiversity loss occurs due to the reasons given below. (i) Habitat loss and fragmentation (ii) Co-extinction (iii) Over-exploitation (iv) Alien species invasion Identify the correct reasons. (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i), (ii) and (iii) (c) (ii), (iii) and (iv) (d) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) 42. The major cause of loss of numbers of migratory birds is (i) Bad weather (ii) Urbanization (iii) Pesticides (iv) Fragmentation (v) Loss of habitat (a) (i) and (ii) only (b) (iv) and (v) only (c) (i), (ii), (v) only (d) (ii), (iv), (v) only ASSERTION/REASON TYPE QUESTIONS In the following questions, a statement of Assertion is followed by a statement of Reason. (a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion. (b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion. (c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false. (d) If both Assertion and Reason are false. 43. Assertion: Communities that comprise of more species tend to be more stable. Reason: A higher number of species results in less animal variation in total biomoss. 44. Assertion : Species diversity decreases while ascending a mountain. Reason : With increase in altitude and rise in temperature diversity of species becomes less. 45. Assertion: The presently occurring species extinction is different from the mass extinctions that have occurred earlier. Reason : Extinction in present day is due to natural causes, whereas earlier it was due to man-made causes. 46. Assertion : Tropical rain forests are disappearing fast from developing countries such as India. Reason : No value is attached to these forests because these are poor in biodiversity. 47. Assertion: Diversity observed in the entire geographical area is called gamma diversity. Reason : Biodiversity decreases from high altitude to low altitude. MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS 48. Match column-I with column-II and choose the correct option. Column-I Column-II A. Nile Perch in Lake I. Obvious reasons for Victoria biodiversity conservation B. Narrowly utilitarian II. Habitat destruction C. Main cause for III. High endemism biodiversity loss D. Hotspots IV. Alien species (a) A – II, B – I, C – IV, D – III (b) A – IV, B – I, C – II, D – III (c) A – I, B – III, C – II , D – IV (d) A – II, B – I, C – III, D – IV EduHulk
Biodiversity and Conservation 313 49. Match column -I with column- II and choose the correct option. Column-I Column-II A. Biodiversity I. Edward Wilson B. In-situ conservation II. Co-extinction C. Plant pollinator mutualism III. On-site conservation D. Ex-situ conservation IV. Off-site conservation (a) A – II, B – I, C – IV, D – III (b) A – IV, B – I, C – II, D – III (c) A – I, B – III, C – II , D – IV (d) A – II, B – I, C – III, D – IV 50. Match the following and then choose the correct option. Column-I Column-II A. Endemism I. Khasi and Jaintia hills Meghalaya B. Hotspot of India II. Advanced ex-situ conservation C. Sacred groove III. Species found in a particular area only D. Cryopreservation IV. Zoological park and Botanical gardens E. Ex-situ conservation V. Western Ghats (a) A – III, B – V, C – I, D – II, E – IV (b) A – I, B – II, C – III, D – IV, E– V (c) A – II, B – III, C – IV, D – V, E – I (d) A – V, B – I, C – IV, D – II, E – III 51. Match the following and choose the correct option. Column-I Column-II A. Narrowly utilitarian I. Conserving biodiversity argument for major ecosystem services B. Broadly utilitarian II. Conserving biodiversity argument for philosophical or spiritual need to realise that every species has intrinsic value and moral duty to pass our biological legacy in good order to future generation. C. Ethical argument III. Conserving biodiversity for direct economic benefits like food, medicine, industrial products etc. (a) A – I, B – II, C – III (b) A – III, B – I, C – II (c) A – II, B – I, C – III (d) A – I, B – III, C – II 52. Match the following and choose the correct option. Column-I Column-II A. Over-exploitation I. Environmental damage by humans and threat to native species B. Introduction of Nile II. Decline in plant Perch in Lake Victoria population C. Less solar energy III. Extinction of more than 2000 species of native birds D. Introduction of Water IV. Extinction of Cichlid fish Hyacinth in India E. Colonization of V. Extinction of Passenger tropical pacific pigeon Islands (a) A – II, B – V, C – IV, D – III, E – I (b) A – V, B – IV, C – II, D – I, E – III (c) A – I, B – II, C – III, D – IV, E – V (d) A – IV, B – I, C – II, D – V, E – III DIAGRAM TYPE QUESTIONS 53. Given below are pie diagrams A, B and C related to proportionate number of species of major taxa of invertebrates, vertebrates and plants respectively. Critically study and fill in the blanks I, II, III and IV. Other animal groups Crustaceans Insects Fishes Invertebrates Vertebrates Reptiles Mammals A B Birds I II Plant Algae Lichens Ferns and allies Mosses A B C Birds IV III (a) I- Molluscs, II-Amphibians, III-Fungi, IV-Angiosperms (b) I- Molluscs, II-Amphibians, III-Angiosperms, IV-Fungi (c) I- Hexapoda, II-Amphibians, III-Fungi, IV-Angiosperms (d) I- Turtles, II-Amphibians, III-Fungi, IV-Angiosperms EduHulk 315