Title Locomotion and Movement NEET EX-1 Solution fie.docx.pdf ✅

30 LOCOMOTION AND MOVEMENT EXERCISE – 1: Basic Objective Questions Muscles 1. Limbs in humans are not used for (a) Changing body postures (b) Locomotion (c) Movement of food in alimentary canal (d) Both (a) and (c) Ans. (c) Sol. -The limbs in humans are used for changing body postures. They are also required for locomotion. -Movement of food in the alimentary canal is not associated with the limbs. 2. Find out the correct statement. (a) All locomotions are movements but all movements are not locomotion. (b) All movements are locomotion but all locomotion are not movements. (c) All locomotions are movements and all movements are locomotion. (d) All locomotions are not movements and all movements are not locomotion. Ans. (a) Sol. Locomotion is seen when a body changes its position from one place to another. e.g., climbing, running, etc. Some movements of our body parts like tongue, jaws, etc. are not involved in changing the original place of the organism. Hence, it is said that all locomotions are movements but all movements are not locomotions. 3. Locomotion can be (a) Movement of tongue (b) Movement of eyelids (c) Movement of lower limbs (d) Movement of jaws Ans. (c) Sol. Locomotion is any movement which results in a change of place or location. Movement means the change in original position, which may or may not result in change in location or place. Movement of limbs can lead to change in place; hence it is locomotion. But, movement of tongue, movement of eyelids and movement of jaws are not associated with change in place or location. Hence, these are only movements not locomotion. 4. Some voluntary movements that result in change of place or location are called. (a) Translocation (b) Transmutation (c) Transformation (d) Locomotion Ans. (d) Sol. Locomotion is seen when a body changes its position from one place to another. The skeletal bones and cartilage also called voluntary muscles are under the voluntary control of the human body. These skeletal muscles are responsible for the movements that can be called as locomotion. So, it is said that some voluntary movements are locomotory. 5. Macrophages and leucocytes exhibit (Exemplar) (a) Amoeboid movement (b) Flagellar movement (c) Ciliary movement (d) Gliding movement Ans. (a) Sol. Macrophages and leucocytes show amoeboid movement. They engulf the foreign substances that enter the body and destroy them. 6. Amoeboid movement in macrophage and WBCs are affected by (a) Cilia (b) Flagella (c) Pseudocoel (d) Pseudopodia Ans. (d) Sol. Amoeboid cells change shape to protrude one portion of the cell out which almost works like a foot. The rest of the cells will follow the direction of the protrusion. Such movement is known as amoeboid movement. 7. Which of the following types of movements are seen in the human body? I. Amoeboid II. Ciliary III. Flagellar IV. Muscular (a) I, II and III (b) I, II and IV
31 LOCOMOTION AND MOVEMENT (c) I, III and IV (d) I, II, III and IV Ans. (d) Sol. Flagellar movement is shown by spermatozoa when they move from the cervix towards fallopian tubes for fertilization. Muscular movements are shown by the tongue. Amoeboid movement is shown by the macrophages and WBCs to engulf the foreign body. The fallopian cells are lined with small, hair-like structures called cilia which help to push eggs down the narrow passageway towards the uterus via ciliary movement. 8. Passage of ovum through the female reproductive tract is facilitated by the (a) Ciliary movement (b) Amoeboid movement (c) Muscular movement (d) All of the above Ans. (a) Sol. The ovary produces egg cells called oocytes or ova. The oocytes are transported to the fallopian tube where fertilization may occur by sperms. The fallopian cells are lined with small, hair-like structures called cilia which help to push eggs down the narrow passageway towards the uterus via ciliary movement. 9. Which of the following statements is wrong: (a) Movement is one of the significant features of living beings. (b) Streaming of protoplasm in unicellular organisms like Amoeba is a simple form of movement. (c) Animals and plants exhibit a wide range of movements. (d) Movement of cilia, flagella and tentacles is limited to lower organisms. Ans. (d) Sol. Cilia, flagella and tentacles are not only found in lower organisms, but also found in different cells of higher organisms including human beings. In humans, ciliary movement occurs in the epithelial lining of tubular organs like trachea and fallopian tubes. Flagellar movement occurs in the sperm cells. Tentacles are present in many insects. 10. Origin of muscle is (a) Ectodermal (b) Mesodermal (c) Endodermal (d) None of the above Ans. (b) Sol. Human body has three germ layers. They are ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Ectoderm forms the neural tissue; mesoderm forms the muscles and bones and endoderm forms the stomach and intestine. 11. Which of the following properties is not associated with muscles? (a) Excitability (b) Contractility (c) Elasticity (d) Rigidity Ans. (d) Sol. The muscles are associated with locomotion and movement. The properties exhibited by different types of muscles are excitability, contractility, extensibility and elasticity. Rigidity is not the property of muscles. 12. Muscles with characteristic striations and involuntary are (a) Muscles in the wall of alimentary canal (b) Muscles of the heart (c) Muscles assisting locomotion (d) Muscles of the eyelids Ans. (b) Sol. Cardiac muscles resemble the voluntary muscles because of the structure, as they have striations in them. But the action is involuntary and is completely out of control of the will. Cardiac muscles are found in the heart wall and the wall of large veins. These muscles never get fatigued and are rich in blood supply. 13. Which of the following muscles are primarily involved in locomotory actions and changes of body postures? (a) Skeletal muscles (b) Visceral muscles (c) Cardiac muscles (d) Both (a) and (b) Ans. (a) Sol. Unstriated and striated are types of muscles. Skeletal muscles are closely associated with skeletal components of the body such as limbs. They have the striped appearance under the microscope hence known as striated muscles. As their activities are under the voluntary control of the nervous system
30 LOCOMOTION AND MOVEMENT they are also known as voluntary muscles. They are primarily involved in locomotory actions and also changes in body posture. 14. Match each item in column 1 with one item in column 2 and choose your answer from the codes given below. Column 1 Column 2 I. Smooth muscle 1.Striated, voluntary II. Skeletal muscle 2.non-striated, involuntary III. Cardiac muscle 3.Striated, involuntary Codes I II III (a) 1 2 3 (b) 3 1 2 (c) 2 1 3 (d) 1 3 2 Ans. (c) Sol. Smooth muscles are non-striated muscles. They cannot be controlled as per the will. Hence, they are involuntary. Skeletal muscles are striated muscles. They can be moved as per the will. So, they are voluntary muscles. Cardiac muscles are striated muscles. These are the muscles of the heart which allow its pumping. They are involuntary muscles. 15. Assertion: Visceral muscles are smooth in appearance. Reason: Many muscle cells assemble in a branching pattern to form visceral muscles. (a) If assertion and reason are true and reason is the correction explanation of assertion. (b) If assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. (c) If assertion is true but reason is false (d) If both assertion and reason are false Ans. (c) Sol. Visceral muscles are smooth muscles. They are called smooth because of their appearance. These are present in the walls of visceral organs like stomach, intestine, windpipe and oesophagus. They are spindle shaped without any branches. Detailed Structure of Skeletal Muscle 16. Muscle bundles or fascicles are held together by a common collagenous tissue layer called. (a) Perimysium (b) Endomysium (c) Fascia (d) Aponeurosis Ans. (c) Sol. Fascia is defined as a sheet of collagen connective tissue that is present beneath the skin which attaches, stabilizes, encloses and separates muscles and other internal organs. The muscle bundles are bound together by fascia to compose skeletal muscle. It holds the muscle together and keeps it in the appropriate shape. 17. The monomeric proteins of thick filament are (a) Tropomyosin (b) Troponin (c) Actin (d) Meromyosin Ans. (d) Sol. Myofibrils are composed of two types of filaments namely thin filaments (actin) and thick filament (myosin). Each thick filament (myosin) is a polymerized protein. Many monomeric proteins known as meromyosins constitute one thick filament (myosin). 18. Functional unit of skeletal muscle is called (a) sarcomere (b) twitch (c) Z-Band (d) Sarcolemma Ans. (a) Sol. Skeletal muscle is a type of muscle that is characterized as striated and is generally voluntary. The sarcomere is the basic or smallest functional unit of skeletal muscle which is a highly organized arrangement of contractile, regulatory and structural proteins. A sarcomere is defined as a region of myofibril contained between two cytoskeletal structures called Z lines. 19. What is sarcomere? (a) Part between two H-lines (b) Part between two A-lines (c) Part between two I-bands (d) Part between two Z-lines Ans. (d) Sol. The sarcomere is the basic or smallest functional unit of skeletal muscle which is a highly organized arrangement of contractile, regulatory, and structural
31 LOCOMOTION AND MOVEMENT proteins. Sarcomere is defined as a region of myofibril contained between two cytoskeletal structures called Z lines. 20. The thin filaments of a muscle fibre are made up of (a) actin, troponin, tropomyosin (b) actin, troponin (c) myosin, troponin (d) actin, tropomyosin Ans. (a) Sol. The thin filaments of a muscle fibre are made up of actin, troponin, tropomyosin. Each actin filament is made of two F (Filamentous) actins wound on each other. Each F actin is a polymer of monomeric G (Globular) actins. Two filaments of another protein, tropomyosin, also run close to the F-actins throughout its length. A complex protein troponin is distributed at regular intervals on the tropomyosin. 21. A characteristic feature of the muscle fibre is the presence of a large number of parallelly arranged filaments in the sarcoplasm called. (a) Myofibrils (b) Microtubules (c) Myofilament (d) Both (a) and (c) Ans. (d) Sol. Each cell of muscle or muscle fibre is lined by plasma membrane which is termed as sarcolemma enclosing sarcoplasm (cytoplasm of muscle fibre). The characteristic feature of muscle cells is the presence of a large number of parallelly arranged filaments in sarcoplasm called myofilaments and myofibrils. Each myofibril is made up of two proteins (actin and myosin). Contractile fibrils of muscles are called myofibrils. 22. The globular head of HMM is an active ATPase enzyme and has i) ATP binding sites ii) Actin binding sites iii) Myosin binding sites iv) Troponin binding sites v) Calcium binding sites (a) i) and ii) (b) i) and iii) (c) i), iii) and iv) (d) i), iii) and v) Ans. (a) Sol. The globular part of myosin is known as the head, which helps to form a cross-bridge by attaching with actin. Head and neck are together known as a cross arm. The topmost area on the head of the myosin is the actin-binding site, this site helps in the attachment of myosin to actin. ATPase enzyme is required for contraction of muscle which is located in myosin. ATP binding site is present anteriorly below the actin-binding site. This site attaches to ATP to form ADP. The energy is used for the sliding of cross-bridges. 23. Recognize the figure and find out the correct matching. (a) a-F actin, b-troponin, c-tropomyosin (b) b-F actin, c-troponin, a-tropomyosin (c) c-F actin, a-troponin, b-tropomyosin (d) b-F actin, a-troponin, c-tropomyosin Ans. (c) Sol. The thin filaments of a muscle fibre are made up of actin, troponin, tropomyosin. Each actin filament is made of two F (Filamentous) actins wound on each other. Each F actin is a polymer of monomeric G (Globular) actins. Two filaments of another protein, tropomyosin, also run close to the F-actins throughout its length. A complex protein troponin is distributed at regular intervals on the tropomyosin. 24. In a resting muscle fibre, troponin partially covers (a) Ca-binding sites on actin (b) Ca-binding sites on troponin