Title Indian Society & Social Issues.pdf ✅

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Indian Society & Social Issues DELHI VN: 9717380832 & DELHI ORN: 9811293743 | JAIPUR: 8290800441 | BHOPAL: 7509975361| INDORE: 9893772941 | BENGALURU: 7619166663 | HYDERABAD: 79960 66663 | KOLKATA: 9007709895 | www.ksgindia.com Page 1 Contents Chapter – 1: Indian Society and its Features .............5 Understanding Social Institutions................................ 5 functions of the family as an institution..................... 5 Classification of Family .................................................. 6 On the basis of size ...........................................................................6 On the basis of their place of residence...................................6 On the basis of ancestors ...............................................................6 On the basis of Power and Authority.........................................6 On the basis of Marriage ................................................................6 On the basis of Chronology...........................................................6 On the basis of Social Ecology......................................................6 Marriage........................................................................... 6 Kinship.............................................................................. 7 Basis of Kinship....................................................................................7 Characteristics features of Indian society ................... 7 Some of the fundamental concepts in sociology include.............................................................................. 8 Social Group .........................................................................................8 Social Category ...................................................................................8 Social Stratification............................................................................8 Understanding Social Institutions ...............................................9 Culture and Socialization ................................................................9 Major components of Culture.......................................................9 Ethnocentrism and Cosmopolitanism.....................................10 Socialization ..................................................................10 Characteristics of Socialization..................................................10 Factors of the process of Socialization...................................10 Importance of Socialization ........................................................10 Chapter – 2: Caste ......................................................11 Origin of Caste and Varna Scheme ............................11 Features of Caste System.............................................................11 Fundamentals of Caste .................................................................11 Models of Caste System ..............................................12 Transformation of Caste System...............................................12 Dominant Class .............................................................13 Caste and racial discrimination..................................................13 Role of Caste System in Politics .................................13 View of Gandhi ji on caste...........................................................14 Contemporary Issues....................................................14 Reservation....................................................................14 Few Cases Related to Reservation............................................14 Arguments In Favour Reservation............................................15 Arguments Against Reservation................................................15 Chapter – 3: Diversity ................................................16 Concept of Diversity.....................................................16 Manifestation of Diversity ..........................................16 Linguistic Diversity ..........................................................................16 Religious Diversity...........................................................................17 Racial Diversity .................................................................................19 Regional Diversity ...........................................................................20 Ethnic Diversity.................................................................................21 Factors Leading to unity amidst Diversity in India ............21 Models of Accommodation for Diversity..............................22 Chapter – 4: Role of Women and Women Organization .............................................................. 23 Gender............................................................................ 23 Gender stereotyping......................................................................23 Patriarchy....................................................................... 23 Evolution of the Position of Women.......................................24 The status of women in India post-independence: ..........24 Present Situation of Women in India ........................ 25 Political ................................................................................................25 Economic ............................................................................................26 From Welfare to Development to Empowerment... 27 Current State of Women’s status in India Across Dimensions .................................................................... 28 Education............................................................................................28 Health...................................................................................................29 Violence against Women.............................................................30 Political Representation................................................................30 Social Attitudes ................................................................................30 Women and Agriculture...............................................................30 Miscellaneous Topic..................................................... 31 Sexual Harrasment....................................................... 31 Domestic Violence and Dowry Death........................ 32 Child Rape...................................................................... 33 Female Foeticide........................................................... 33 Constitutional Provision for Women......................... 34 Legislative steps for Women Empowerment............ 34 Welfare Schemes for Women in India....................... 35 International corporation on Women Empowerment ......................................................................................... 37 Gender Wage Gap vs Gender Inequality................... 37 Reason Behind Gender pay Gap...............................................38 Women Organisation - Pre-Independence and Post- Independence................................................................ 39 Changing Nature of Women Movement ..............................40 Feminism.............................................................................................40 Women’s Organizations in India................................ 41 First Phase (1850-1915) ................................................................41 Second Phase (1915-1947)..........................................................41 Women’s India Association.........................................................42 The National Council of Women in India (NCWI)..............42 All India Women’s Conference ..................................................42 Third Phase (1947 – Present)......................................................42 The Period of Accommodation (1947 – late 1960s): ........43 The Period of Crisis (late 1960s – 1975).................................43
Indian Society & Social Issues DELHI VN: 9717380832 & DELHI ORN: 9811293743 | JAIPUR: 8290800441 | BHOPAL: 7509975361| INDORE: 9893772941 | BENGALURU: 7619166663 | HYDERABAD: 79960 66663 | KOLKATA: 9007709895 | www.ksgindia.com Page 2 1975 – To date..................................................................................44 Chapter – 5: Social justice and Empowerment........44 What is empowerment?...............................................44 What is Social Justice? .................................................45 Scheduled Caste............................................................45 Who are Scheduled Castes?........................................................45 Characteristics of SCs.....................................................................46 Constitutional Provisions for the Safeguard and Empowerment of SCs ....................................................................46 Challenges Faced BY SCs .............................................................47 Schemes/Initiatives by Government........................................47 Important Judgements Related to SCs ..................................49 Scheduled Tribes...........................................................49 Historical Background .................................................50 Essential Features of STs ..............................................................50 Constitutional Provisions .............................................................51 Bodies and organisations related to the welfare and development of STs........................................................................51 Acts pertaining to the rights and protections of Schedule Tribes (STs).........................................................................................52 Issues Faced by Scheduled Tribes in India............................53 Major schemes for STs in India..................................................53 Denotified, Nomadic, and Semi-Nomadic Tribes ..............55 Particularly vulnerable Tribal groups (PVTGs).....................56 Other Backward Classes...............................................58 Constitutional Provisions .............................................................58 Committees and Commissions Related to other backward Classes..................................................................................................59 Challenges faced by OBCs...........................................................59 Schemes and initiatives for the welfare of OBCs ...............60 Senior Citizens...............................................................61 Challenges faced by senior citizens.........................................61 Constitutional provisions .............................................................62 Statutory Provisions and Schemes...........................................62 Silver Economy: A Related Concept...........................63 lgbtq/Transgenders......................................................64 Challenges faced by transgenders ...........................................64 Constitutional safeguards- ..........................................................64 Steps taken by Judiciary ...............................................................65 Statutory provisions for transgender persons-...................65 Schemes for transgender persons-..........................................65 State Practices...................................................................................66 Physically Disabled Person..........................................66 Challenges faced by Persons with Disability........................67 Statutory laws for the person with a physical disability..67 Government schemes for persons with physical disabilities...........................................................................................67 Youth..............................................................................69 Challenges faced by youth in India .........................................69 Constitutional Provisions for Youth.........................................69 Statutory Provisions and Schemes for Youth in India .....69 Chapter – 6: Globalization and its effect on Indian Society........................................................................ 70 Traditionalism, Westernisation, and Modernization ......................................................................................... 71 Factors affecting Globalization .................................. 71 Effects of Globalization ............................................... 72 Impact of Globalization on Children.......................................72 Impact of Globalization on Women........................................72 Impact of Globalization on tribal communities..................73 Impact of Globalization on LGBTQ Community.................73 Impact of Globalization on Other Vulnerable Groups.....74 Impact of Globalization on the Family System of India..74 Impact of Globalization on Education System....................74 Globalisation and Religion ..........................................................75 Economic Impact of Globalization...........................................75 Impact of Globalization on Agriculture .................................76 Impact of Globalization on Employment ..............................76 Impact of Globalization on the Informal Sector.................77 Limitations of Globalisation........................................ 77 Homogenization Versus Globalization...................... 78 Chapter – 7: Urbanization and its impacts .............. 78 Urbanization.................................................................. 78 History of Urbanization in India................................. 79 Early urbanization ...........................................................................79 Urbanization under British rule .................................................79 Factors that led to Urbanization in India .................. 79 Problems of urban area ............................................... 79 Social issues.......................................................................................79 Geographical.....................................................................................80 Environmental...................................................................................80 Infrastructural....................................................................................81 Financial ..............................................................................................81 Effects of Urbanization in India.................................. 81 Various Government Measures to Improve Urban Life ..82 NITI AAYOG.......................................................................................83 India’s Global Commitments ......................................................84 Chapter – 8: Population and its associated issues .. 84 Introduction.......................................................................................84 Characteristics of Population of India ....................................84 Population size and density........................................ 85 Factors affecting population density ......................................85 Different Theories of Population Dynamics .........................85 Determinants of Indian population........................... 86 Birth rate .............................................................................................86 Death rate...........................................................................................86 Total Fertility Rate (TFR) ...............................................................87 Net Migration ...................................................................................87 The population growth trend in India ....................................87