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Content text Summary I - 2019-2020 edition.pdf



Contents 1 What is flight dynamics? 5 2 Basic definitions of control theory 9 3 Aerodynamic center 11 3.1 Resultant force on wing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.2 Aerodynamic moment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.2.1 Center of pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.3 Finding the aerodynamic center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.3.1 The first metacenter and the neutral line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.3.2 The second metacenter and the aerodynamic center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.3.3 Relation between aerodynamic center and neutral point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.3.4 Use of aerodynamic center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.4 Aerodynamic center and stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.5 Characteristics of wing-fuselage-nacelle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.5.1 Influence wing on fuselage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.5.2 Influence fuselage on wing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4 Equilibrium in steady, straight, symmetric flight 27 4.1 Quick recap on angle of attack, flight path angle, pitch angle, and lift vs. normal force . . . . . 27 4.2 Basic force equilibrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 4.3 More advanced force equilibrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 5 Horizontal tailplane 33 5.1 Normal force on horizontal tailplane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 5.2 Hinge moment of the elevator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 5.2.1 Effect of moving hinge line backward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 5.3 Flow direction at tailplane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 5.4 Effect of airspeed and center of gravity on tail load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 5.5 Elevator deflection required for moment equilibrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 6 Stick fixed static longitudinal stability and control 43 6.1 Stick fixed static longitudinal stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 6.2 Neutral point, stick fixed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 6.3 Elevator trim curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 6.4 Elevator stick position stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 6.5 Influence of center of gravity position on elevator trim curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 7 Stick free static longitudinal stability and control 53 7.1 Neutral point, stick free . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 7.2 The control force curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 7.3 Elevator stick force stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 7.4 Influence of center of gravity position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 7.5 Influence of trim tab angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 8 Exam questions 63 3

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