Title Inferior extremity saq with answers .pdf ✅

here. 13. Q: Name the articular surfaces of the distal femur. A: Medial and lateral condyles, and patellar surface (anterior). 14. Q: Which ligament attaches to the adductor tubercle? A: Adductor magnus tendon. 15. Q: Name the ossification centers of the femur. A: One primary (shaft) and three secondary (head, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter). Tibia – 1. Q: What are the proximal articular surfaces of the tibia? A: Medial and lateral condyles. 2. Q: What structure lies between the medial and lateral condyles on the tibial plateau? A: Intercondylar eminence. 3. Q: Which ligaments attach to the intercondylar eminence? A: Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments (ACL and PCL). 4. Q: Name the prominent anterior ridge of the tibia. A: Tibial tuberosity. 5. Q: Which muscle inserts at the tibial tuberosity? A: Patellar ligament (from quadriceps femoris). 6. Q: What is the medial malleolus? A: Distal medial projection of tibia forming the medial ankle prominence; attachment of medial ligaments of ankle. 7. Q: Which muscles attach to the posterior surface of the tibia? A: Soleus, tibialis posterior (via interosseous membrane and posterior border). 8. Q: Name the anterior surface of the tibia that is subcutaneous. A: Anterior border (shin). 9. Q: What are the ossification centers of the tibia? A: One primary (shaft) and three secondary (proximal end, distal end, tibial tuberosity).
10. Q: Which ligament attaches to the medial malleolus? A: Deltoid ligament of the ankle (medial collateral ligament). 11. Q: Which three muscles attach to the upper part of the medial surface of the tibia? Name their nerve supply and compartment. A: Muscles: Sartorius, Gracilis, Semitendinosus (pes anserinus Nerve Supply: Femoral nerve (Sartorius, Muscle of anterior compartment), Obturator nerve (Gracilis, muscle of medial compartment ), Tibial part of Sciatic nerve (Semitendinosus, muscle of posterior compartment) Q: What are the ends of the fibula called and what joints do they form? A: Proximal end: head of fibula, articulates with lateral condyle of tibia (knee joint). Distal end: lateral malleolus, forms lateral part of ankle joint. 2. Q: Which nerve winds around the fibula neck and why is it clinically important? A: Common fibular (peroneal) nerve; injury at neck can cause foot drop. Name the main ligaments of the hip joint. A: Iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral, ligament of head of femur (ligamentum teres). 2. Q: Function of the iliofemoral ligament. A: Prevents hyperextension of the hip; strongest ligament in the body. 3. Q: Name the main ligaments of the knee joint. A: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), medial collateral ligament (MCL), lateral collateral ligament (LCL), patellar ligament. 4. Q: Function of the ACL and PCL. A: ACL prevents anterior displacement of tibia; PCL prevents posterior displacement of tibia. 5. Q: Function of MCL and LCL. A: MCL resists valgus stress, LCL resists varus stress. 6. Q: Important ligaments of the ankle joint. A: Medial (deltoid) ligament: tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal, anterior & posterior tibiotalar; Lateral ligaments: anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, calcaneofibular.