Title KDIGO-2025-Guideline-for-Nephrotic-Syndrome-in-Children.pdf ✅

VOLUME 107 | ISSUE 5S | MAY 2025 www.kidney-international.org SUPPLEMENT TO KDIGO 2025 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Nephrotic Syndrome in Children


TABLES S276 Table 1. Hierarchy of outcomes S277 Table 2. Clinical questions and systematic review topics in PICOD format S279 Table 3. Classification for the grade of the certainty of evidence S279 Table 4. GRADE system for grading the certainty of evidence S280 Table 5. KDIGO nomenclature and description for grading recommendations S280 Table 6. Determinants of the strength of a recommendation FIGURES S262 Figure 1. Clinical characteristics of and definitions for nephrotic syndrome (NS) in children aged 1–18 years S264 Figure 2. Treatment algorithm for nephrotic syndrome (NS) from onset S270 Figure 3. Glucocorticoid-sparing therapies in children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome, listed in an unbiased order S274 Figure 4. Treatment of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children S275 Figure 5. General principles for children with nephrotic syndrome S278 Figure 6. Search yield and study flow diagram SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Appendix A. Search strategies Table S1. Search strategies for systematic review topics Appendix B. Concurrence with Institute of Medicine (IOM) standards for guideline development Table S2. Guideline development checklist—IOM standards for development of trustworthy clinical practice guidelines Table S3. Adapted systematic review reporting standards checklist—IOM standards for systematic reviews Appendix C. Data supplement—Summary of findings (SoF) tables cited in the guideline text Steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children Table S4. First episode of nephrotic syndrome in children—glucocorticoid therapy of ‡12 weeks duration versus glucocorticoid therapy of 8-week duration Table S5. Children with nephrotic syndrome and upper respiratory infection—prednisone 15 mg/m2 daily (maximum 40 mg) versus placebo Table S6. Children with nephrotic syndrome and viral infections—daily prednisolone versus alternate-day prednisolone Table S7. Children with frequently relapsing steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome—alkylating agents versus glucocorticoids, placebo, or both Table S8. Children with frequently relapsing or steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome—levamisole versus glucocorticoids, placebo, or both, or no treatment Table S9. Children with frequently relapsing or steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome—mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) versus levamisole Table S10. Children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome—cyclosporine and prednisone versus prednisone alone Table S11. Children with frequently relapsing or steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome—rituximab versus prednisone or placebo Table S12. Children with frequently relapsing or steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome—prednisone 40 mg/m2 on alternate days 3 18 (36 days) versus prednisone 40 mg/m2 tapered over 72 days (same cumulative dose) Table S13. Children with relapsing nephrotic syndrome—prednisolone through 2 weeks after remission (40 mg/m2 on alternate days) versus prednisolone through 4 weeks after remission (40 mg/m2 on alternate days) www.kidney-international.org contents Kidney International (2025) 107 (Suppl 5S), S241–S289 S243