Title The rainmaker.docx.pdf ✅

Passage Meaning Notes Wheat farmer Gang Liu is a worried man. The annual rains have not arrived, and if there is not substantial rainfall soon, his annual wheat crop will fail. As he looks anxiously at the clouds which promise rain but are failing to deliver it, there is a sudden loud roar, and from fields for miles around, hundreds of small rockets are fired into the clouds. Within twenty minutes, the farms around the eastern Chinese city of Luohe are experiencing their first rain for many weeks. Gang Liu's valuable wheat has been saved, thanks to a technique known as ‘cloud seeding’, in which the chemical silver iodide (Agl) is introduced into clouds. This causes the tiny drops of moisture in the clouds to turn to ice. These tiny ice particles then become heavy enough and turn into rain to fall from the sky as they melt. (1) A wheat farmer is worried (2) Reason: there is no rain >> crop fail (3)- (4) rockets fired into the clouds >> rain (5) The rain was thanks to a technique called cloud seeding (6)- (7) Explain how it works S_V, and S_V As S1_V1, S2_V2 and S3_V3 (When S_V, S_V) fire (verb) sth = bắn cái gì lên fail to do sth (v): thất bại trong việc làm gì đó experience (verb) something: trải qua cái gì S_V, thanks to N turn into sth: trở thành gì đó But did cloud seeding really cause the rain in Luohe to fall, or was it just a coincidence? Experts often question whether cloud seeding actually works. (1)- (2) Whether the rain was because of cloud seeding or not? Cause sth to V: khiến cho điều gì xảy ra Coincidence (n): sự tình cờ Expert (n): chuyên gia Question (v) sth: đặt nghi vấn Whether S+V >> Noun clause
It is hard to tell how effective cloud seeding actually is, they say, as it might have rained anyway, without human intervention. But this has not stopped many governments and organisations from trying. There are currently 150 weather-modifying projects taking place in more than 40 countries. Not all of them are aimed at creating rain. The Eastlund Scientific Enterprises Corporation in the USA, for example, is experimenting with firing microwaves into clouds to prevent the tornadoes which cause enormous damage to the country every year. In Russia, experiments have been carried out to make sure the sun shines during important national events. (3) Hard to decide whether cloud seeding works or not (4) – (5) However, many similar projects are taking place (6) Not all projects are aimed at making rain (7)- (8) Examples of these projects It’s Adj to V >> đọc Adj và V How Adj + S + be >> Noun clause Intervention (n): sự can thiệp stop sb from doing sth: ngăn ai làm gì Project (n): dự án Be aimed at sth: nhắm đến carry out research/ experiment : tiến hành nghiên cứu/ thí nghiệm However, it is rainmaking that dominates the research programmes. In many of these, researchers are using trials in which some clouds are 'seeded' while others are not, and both groups are monitored. Arlen Huggins of the Desert Research Institute is leading a research project in Australia. Weather monitoring technology is so good nowadays, he says, (1) Rainmaking technique is still the majority (2)– (4) they can measure the clouds effectively thanks to monitoring technology It be (1) that (2) >> câu chẻ >> đọc thành phần 1 và 2 Dominate sth (v): chiếm ưu thế Monitor sth (v): điều khiển So Adj that S + V : cấu trúc cause effect: (1) > (2) Measure sth (v): đo lường
that we can measure clouds much more effectively, even from the inside. As a result, we now know much more about the effect humans can have on the weather. What Huggins' team has discovered so far is promising. They believe that cloud seeding does work, although there are still two years of the six-year project left to go. (5) understand the effects of humans on the weather (6)- (7)Cloud seeding does work Have effect on sth: có ảnh hưởng đến What S + V >> Noun clause Promising (a): đáng hứa hẹn "We want to understand what makes clouds rain," says Philip Brown of the UK Meteorological office, explaining why so much time, effort and money are being invested. "But there is a more powerful economic reason. A lot of countries around the world are at risk from drought, and governments will try to make sure that doesn't happen. The potential economic value is greater than the scientific value. Making it rain might allow you to keep agriculture going where, without human intervention, it might fail." (1) Scientists want to understand cloud making (2) Economic reason for cloud making projects (3) Example of economic reason: prevent droughts (4) Economic value is more important than scientific value (5) rain >> good for agriculture (economic) Economic (a): thuộc kinh tế Be at risk from sth: bị đe dọa make sure (that) S_V: đảm bảo điều gì Some people are concerned, however, that altering the weather can have negative consequences. Leonard Barrie, director of the research department at the World Meteorological Organisation in Geneva, explains why. (1) Worries about the negative effects of changing the weather Alter sth (v): thay đổi
"All areas of weather modification are still very controversial. Some people think that making rain benefits some people, but is a disadvantage to others. Someone in one area will get more water, but as a result, someone somewhere else could get less." His fears may be justified. Recently, the town of Zhoukou in China's Henan province accused neighbouring town Pingdingshang of 'stealing' rain from clouds that were due to pass over its own farms, prompting what may be the world's very first documented incident of ‘rain rage’. (3) Changing the weather has both positive and negative effects (4) Example (5)+(6) =(4) (cụ thể positive + negative effects) (7): example of the negative effect Modification (n): sự thay đổi Controversial (a): gây tranh cãi Benefit sb (v): có lợi cho ai Justify (v): chứng minh Accuse sb of doing sth: buộc tội ai làm gì