Title Endocrine diseases ✅

ENDOCRINE DISEASES A.DIABETES MELLITUS B. The risk factors for type 1 diabetes include all of the following except: a. Diet b. Genetic c. Autoimmune d. Environmental C. Type 2 diabetes accounts for approximately what percentage of all cases of diabetes in adults? a. 55%-60% b. 35%-40% c. 90-95% d. 25-30% D. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include all of the following except: a. Diet b. Obesity c. Smoking d. Physical inactivity e. Advanced age E. What percentage of women with gestational diabetes will develop type 2 diabetes within 15 years after pregnancy? a. 30%-33% b. 5%-10% c. <5% d. 20%-25% https://www.phs.group.cam.ac.uk/2021/01/05/33-women-gestational-diabetes-type-2-diabetes-05 0121/ F. Untreated diabetes may result in all of the following except: a. Blindness b. Cardiovascular disease c. Kidney disease d. Deafness e. Cataract G. Prediabetes is associated with all of the following except: a. Increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes b. Impaired glucose tolerance c. Increased risk of heart disease and stroke d. Increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes H. Diabetics are at increased risk of heart disease if they also:
a. Smoke b. Have high HDL cholesterol levels c. Take aspirin d. Consume a high-fiber diet I. Blood sugar is well controlled when Hemoglobin A1C is: a. Below 7% b. Between 10% -15% c. Less than 120 mg/dL d. Between 80 and 120 mg/dL J. Excessive thirst and a large volume of very dilute urine may be symptoms of: a. Urinary tract infection b. Diabetes insipidus c. Hyperthyroidism d. Hyperglycemia e. Diabetes mellitus K. Among female children and adolescents, the first sign of type 1 diabetes may be: a. Rapid weight gain b. Constipation c. Genital candidiasis d. Insomnia L. Untreated hyperglycemia may lead to all of the following complications except: a. Hyperosmolar syndrome b Vitiligo c. Diabetic ketoacidosis d. Coma M. Hyperinsulinemia may be caused by all of the following except: a. An insulinoma b. Nesidioblastosis c. Insulin resistance d. Type 1 diabetes N. Which statement about diabetes is false? a. The U.S. prevalence of diabetes is decreasing b. Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States c. Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness among persons age 20 to 74 d. Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure O. The lifetime risk of developing diabetes for a male born in 2000 is: a. 1 in 5 b. 1 in 3 c. 2 in 5 d. 1 in 2 P. Which of the following measures does not help to prevent diabetes complications? a. Controlling blood glucose b. Controlling blood pressure and blood lipids
c. Eliminating all carbohydrates from the diet d. Prompt detection of diabetic eye and kidney disease Q. Proliferative retinopathy is often treated using: a. Tonometry b. Fluorescein angiogram c. Antibiotics d. Laser surgery R. The benefits of using an insulin pump include all of the following except: a. By continuously providing insulin they eliminate the need for injections of insulin b. They simplify management of blood sugar and often improve A1C c. They enable exercise without compensatory carbohydrate consumption d. They help with weight loss S. Which of the following regimens offers the best blood glucose control for persons with type 1 diabetes? a. A single anti-diabetes drugs b. Once daily insulin injections c. A combination of oral anti-diabetic medications d. Three or four injections per day of different types of insulin. T. Knowing that gluconeogenesis helps to maintain blood levels, a nurse should: 1. Document weight changes because of fatty acid mobilization 2. Evaluate the patient’s sensitivity to low room temperatures because of decreased adipose tissue insulation 3. Protect the patient from sources of infection because of decreased cellular protein deposits 4. Do all of the above U. Clinical manifestations associated with a diagnosis of type 1 DM include all of the following except: 1. Hypoglycemia 2. Hyponatremia 3. Ketonuria 4. Polyphagia V. The lowest fasting plasma glucose level suggestive of a diagnosis of DM is: 1. 90mg/dl 2. 115mg/dl 3. 126mg/dl 4. 180mg/dl W. A clinical feature that distinguishes a hypoglycemic reaction from a ketoacidosis reaction is: 1. Blurred vision 2. Diaphoresis 3. Nausea 4. Weakness X. Clinical nursing assessment for a patient with microangiopathy who has manifested impaired peripheral arterial circulation includes all of the following except:
1. Integumentary inspection for the presence of brown spots on the lower extremities 2. Observation for paleness of the lower extremities 3. Observation for blanching of the feet after the legs are elevated for 60 seconds 4. Palpation for increased pulse volume in the arteries of the lower extremities Y. A client is taking NPH insulin daily every morning. The nurse instructs the client that the most likely time for a hypoglycemic reaction to occur is: 1. 2-4 hours after administration 2. 6-14 hours after administration 3. 16-18 hours after administration 4. 18-24 hours after administration Z. An external insulin pump is prescribed for a client with DM. The client asks the nurse about the functioning of the pump. The nurse bases the response on the information that the pump: 1. Gives small continuous dose of regular insulin subcutaneously, and the client can self-administer a bolus with an additional dosage from the pump before each meal. 2. Is timed to release programmed doses of regular or NPH insulin into the bloodstream at specific intervals. 3. Is surgically attached to the pancreas and infuses regular insulin into the pancreas, which in turn releases the insulin into the bloodstream. 4. Continuously infuses small amounts of NPH insulin into the bloodstream while regularly monitoring blood glucose levels. AA. A client with a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is being treated in the ER. Which finding would a nurse expect to note as confirming this diagnosis? 1. Decreased urine output 3. Elevated blood glucose level and a low plasma bicarbonate 2. Comatose state 4. Increased respirations and an increase in pH 4. A nurse is preparing a plan of care for a client with DM who has hyperglycemia. The priority nursing diagnosis would be: 1. High risk for deficient fluid volume 2. Deficient knowledge: disease process and treatment 3. Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements 4. Disabled family coping: compromised. BB.A nurse is caring for a client admitted to the ER with DKA. In the acute phase the priority nursing action is to prepare to: 1. Administer regular insulin intravenously 2. Administer 5% dextrose intravenously 3. Correct the acidosis 4. Apply an electrocardiogram monitor. CC.A nurse performs a physical assessment on a client with type 2 DM. Findings include a fasting blood glucose of 120mg/dl, temperature of 39oC, pulse of 88, respirations of 22, and a bp of 140/84. Which finding would be of most concern of the nurse?