Title Body-Fluids-and-Circulation-1.pdf ✅

1. Body Fluids and Circulation Body Fluids and Circulation INTRODUCTION y All the organisms need energy for survival and to obtain it nutrients and oxygen is circulated throughout the body along with other substances. y Hence, there is need of an efficient circulatory system to ensure movement of substances to and from the cells. y Simple organisms circulate substances with the help of water, e.g., sponges and coelentrates. CIRCULATION y The flow of an extra-cellular fluid having food, oxygen, hormones, blood etc. to the various body parts, and to carry waste products of metabolism is known as circulation. y The organs involved in this function constitute circulatory system. TYPES OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM y In higher animals circulation of fluids takes place by blood circulatory system and lymphatic system Blood Circulatory System y Blood y Heart y Arteries y Veins y Capillaries Lymphatic System y Lymph y Lymphatic vessels y Lymphatic capillaries BLOOD y Blood is a fluid connective tissue which is mesodermal in origin. y It is an opaque red coloured fluid alkaline in nature and salty in taste. y Its specific gravity is 1.050 - 1.060. Previous Year’s Question Circulation of blood was discovered by (1) Lister (2) Harvey (3) Darwin (4) Aristotle
Body Fluids and Circulation 2. y The volume of blood in a healthy man is about 5 to 6 litres (about 6 to 8% of the total weight of the body). y Blood contains two main components, the fluid part is the plasma and the solid part is the corpuscles. Functions of Blood Rack Your Brain Name the plasma proteins involved in defense mechanism. y Transportation of oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs. y Transportation of infection fighting cells at the site of injury. y Transportation of waste products to the kidney and liver. y Circulation of nutrients and hormones throughout the body. Previous Year’s Question Albumin, fibrinogen, prothrombin are manufactured in (1) Spleen (2) Bone marrow (3) Liver (4) None of these Previous Year’s Question Which is out of place? (1) Coronary artery (2) Aorta (3) Renal artery (4) Pulmonary atery
3. Body Fluids and Circulation y Help in blood clotting at the site of internal or external injury. y It help in regulating body temperature and maintenance of pH of body fluids. BLOOD COMPOSITION Plasma y It is a straw-coloured viscous fluid which constitutes nearly 55% of the blood. y Water in blood plasma is 90-92%. y Proteins in blood plasma are 6-8%. Major Classes of Plasma Proteins y Fibrinogens y Globulins y Albumins Functions of Plasma Proteins y Clotting of the blood at the site of internal or external injury – fibrinogens. y Defence mechanism of the body – globulins. y Osmotic balance of body fluids – albumins. Note: Other proteins which include the coagulation factors are found in an inactive form in the blood plasma. Mineral Ions in Blood Plasma y Na+, Ca++, Mg++, HCO3 –, Cl–, CO4 – Organic Compounds in Blood Plasma y Glucose, amino acids, lipids, hormones, vitamins, etc. Serum y Blood plasma without coagulation factors is known as serum. Previous Year’s Question The rate of RBCs at higher altitude will- (1) Increase in size (2) Decrease in size (3) Increase in number (4) Decrease in number Previous Year’s Question Life span of mammalian erythrocytes is- (1) 120 days (2) 180 days (3) 140 days (4) 220 days Rack Your Brain Name the phagocytic leucocytes.