Title 5. Pollution of Air _ Water.pdf ✅

NEET BIOLOGY STUDY MATERIAL VIII - OLYMPIAD CDF-1 POLLUTION OF AIR 1. Air is the important resource for human survival, it is a mixture of gases 2. The mixture of gases N2 , O2 , CO2 and water vapour is called pure air. 3. The presence of unusually high concentration of harmful (or) poisonous substances in the environment is called pollution. 4. The entry of pollutants into air causes air pollution. 5. A pollutant causes disturbance in the atmosphere. 6. The entry of pollutants into air causes air pollution. 7. The major sources of pollution as follows: a. Natural activities b. Human activities 8. Natural activities such as, a. volcanic eruptions b. Forest fires c. Sand storms & Tsunamis d. Various pollutants from industries e. Thermal power plant waste. 9. Cutting down of forest area is called deforestation which effects atmosphere 10. WHO (World Health Organization) states that 2.4 million people die in each, from air pollution. 11. Air pollution is known to cause injuries to animals, forests vegetation and aquatic system. 12. Air pollution leads to severe heart, and lungs related problems. 13. SO2 , NO2 , CO2 , CO, CFC these are most harmful gases cause’s severe effects. SYNOPSIS-1 POLLUTION OF AIR Introduction: Air: Air is the important resource for human survival, it is a mixture of gases. The two main gases present in air are nitrogen and oxygen Nitrogen-78%; oxygen- 21% of air by volume. Air also contains small amounts of carbon dioxide, argon and water vapour. Pure Air: the mixture of gases containing nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide argon and water vapour gives us pure air.
VIII - OLYMPIAD NEET BIOLOGY STUDY MATERIAL Water: Water plays a vital role in our lives. Freshwater is present in Rivers, lakes and ponds; it is also present in ground water. Pollution: The presence of unusually high concentrations of harmful (or) poisonous substances in the environment (air, water etc.) is called pollution. Pollutant: An unwanted and harmful substance in the environment (such as air & water) is called pollutant a. The entry of pollutants into air and water leads to air pollution & water pollution b. In air, all components have their own importance and all are in a naturally balanced state. Air pollution: Sources, harmful effects, of air pollution, acid rain, greenhouse effect, global warming. a. When this balanced state is disturbed either by some natural phenomenon (or) by human activities, it is then called ‘air pollution’. Sources of pollution: The sources of pollution can be categorised as
NEET BIOLOGY STUDY MATERIAL VIII - OLYMPIAD Natural Activities: (Natural Disaster) 1. Volcano eruptions – Release of gases and ash into atmosphere 2. Forest Fires- Release of carbon particles (ash) into air. 3. Sand storms and tsunamis 4. Decay of organic matter – Natural decay of organic matter Release NH3 gas into air 5. Pollen grains dispersed into air Human Activities: From domestic source Smoke emitted by burning of fuels like wood, cow dung cakes, Kerosene, coal Carbon monoxide, Sulphur dioxide, smoke, soot and ash Exhaust gases emitted by Automobiles Burning of petrol & diesel Release pollutants like Sulphur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Unburnt hydrocarbons, Lead compounds, Soot. From various industries Oil refiners, Industries, stone crushers, cement & Asbestos factories Release sulphur dioxide, fly ash dust chlorine, Nitrous oxide, Asbestos dust. Cement dust, line dust stone, and granite powder. Thermal power plants Ash dust, SO2 Radioactive elements uranium Radiation emitted by disintegration of uranium Deforestation Increased level of carbon dioxide Resulting in global warning Chloroflouro carbons in Refrigerators Depletes ozone layer results in harmful ultraviolet rays reaching the earth
VIII - OLYMPIAD NEET BIOLOGY STUDY MATERIAL Pollutant affects Source Harmful Sulphur dioxide Burning of coal, Petrol, diesel Thermal plants Respiratory problems acid rain permanent lung damage. Nitrogen oxides Burning of fuels like petrol Diesel, coal. Affects breathing system and leads to lung congestion skin. Smog NO, SO2,carbon particles combine with water vapour called fog to form smog. Burning of fuels like petrol Diesel, coal. Cough, Asthma, Lung Diseases in children Carbon monoxide Burning of fuels, motor vehicles Greenhouse gas causes global warning Chloro flouro carbons Refrigerators, Air conditioning, Aerosol sprays Skin cancer, cataract, destruction of plants, crops Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) Blowing wind, Heavy traffic on roads, stone crushes construction Allergic reaction Bronchitis Smoke Burning of fuels, like wood, cow dung cakes petrol, diesel Lungs & respiratory disease Fly ash Emitted by chimneys, of coal thermal power plants Irritation of eyes, skin, nose, throat, respiratory tract, Bronchitis, lung cancer WORKSHEET -1 POLLUTION OF AIR 1. What is the important resources for human survival? 1) Air 2) Water 3) Both 1,2 4) None 2. The two main gases present in air 1) Nitrogen 2) oxygen 3) Both 1,2 4) None 3. Fresh water is present in the form of 1) Ponds 2) Streams 3) Lakes 4) All of them 4. What is the percentile of nitrogen in air? 1) 78 % 2) 79% 3) 80% 4) 81%