Title Ex-1 Body fluids and circulation (Q+Sol+Ans).docx (1).pdf ✅

30 BODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION EXERCISE – 1: Basic Objective Questions Circulation-Types and Significance 1. Fill in the blanks: i. Simple organisms like sponges and coelenterates circulate ...1... from their surroundings through their body cavities to facilitate the cells for exchange of O2 , CO2 , nutrients and waste products. ii. More complex organisms use special fluids within their bodies to transport such materials. ....2... is most commonly used body fluid by most of the higher organisms including humans for this purpose. iii. Another body fluid...3...also helps in the transport of certain substances. (a) 1-lymph, 2-water, 3-blood (b) 3-lymph, 1-water, 2-blood (c) 2-lymph, 3-water, 1-blood (d) 2-lymph, 1-water, 3-blood Ans. (b) Sol. Simple organisms like sponges and coelenterates circulate water from their surroundings through their body cavities to facilitate the cells for exchange of O2 , CO2 , nutrients and waste products. Water helps in the transportation and exchange of gases in lower invertebrates from their surroundings through their body cavities. More complex organisms use special fluids within their bodies to transport such materials. Blood is the most commonly used body fluid by most of the higher organisms including humans for this purpose. Blood in mammals perform the same function as water in invertebrates. Another body fluid, lymph also helps in the transport of certain substances. Lymph in the lymphatic system transports fluid, macromolecules and other substances through the interstitial spaces in the body. 2. pH of blood (a) is greater than 7 (b) ranges between 7-8 (c) is less than 7 (d) none of these Ans. (b) Sol. pH of blood falls in the rage of 7-8. It is slightly alkaline in nature. The bicarbonate ions in the blood plasma are responsible for maintaining the normal pH of the blood. 3. Serum is: (a) Blood without corpuscles (b) Blood without fibrinogen (c) Otherwise called as plasma (d) Blood without fibrinogen and corpuscles Ans. (d) Sol. The serum is a fluid in the blood that does not contain any blood corpuscles and fibrinogen in it. Fibrinogen helps in the clotting of blood but serum does not clot, as it does not contain fibrinogen. Serum transports fatty acids, hormones and other essential liquids in the body. 4. Major cause of anaemia is (a) Deficiency of Ca 2+ (b)Deficiency of Fe 2+ (c) Deficiency of Na + (d) Deficiency of Mg 2+ Ans. (b) Sol. Anaemia is caused due to deficiency of iron (Fe 2+) in the blood. Bone marrow needs iron to produce haemoglobin which helps in the transport of oxygen in the body. Deficiency of this leads to fatigue and shortness of breath. 5. RBCs have an average life span of _____. (a) 120 days (b)4 months (c) 3 months (d) both a and b Ans. (a) Sol. Red blood cells (RBCs) have an average life span of 120 days. The life span of RBCs is small due to lack of nucleus and organelles in the mature cell. Lack of nucleus makes them unable to repair their damages, due to which they die after 115-120 days from their formation in the red bone marrow. 6. The shape of RBCs in mammals is (a) flat (b) biconcave (c) biconvex (d) convexoconcave Ans. (b)
31 BODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION Sol. The shape of RBCs in mammals is biconvex. It is like a disc whose both surfaces have become concave. This helps the RBCs to pass through narrow spaces and twists and turns of blood vessels. 7. A healthy individual has_____of haemoglobin in every 100 ml of blood. (a) 12-16 gms (b) 8-10 gms (c) 9-12 gms (d) 4-6 gms Ans. (a) Sol. A healthy individual has 12-16 gms of haemoglobin in every 100 ml of blood. It is a protein that carries oxygen from the lungs to body tissues. In an average male, it is approx 15 gms/100ml, whereas in females it is 12 gms. /100ml of blood. 8. Cell fragments of megakaryocytes yield (a) Erythrocytes (b) Granulocytes (c) Agranulocytes (d) Blood platelets Ans. (d) Sol. Cell fragments of megakaryocytes yield blood platelets that help in the clotting of blood. This is the reason blood platelets are called thrombocytes. 9. A reduction in the number of platelets can lead to (a) Blood coagulation inside vessels (b) Clotting disorders (c) Excessive loss of blood from the body (d) Both (b) and (c) Ans. (d) Sol. A reduction in the number of platelets can lead to clotting disorders which can result in excessive loss of blood from the body, as well as internal bleeding. A decrease in more than 10,000 platelets in the body can cause internal bleeding and can be fatal if not treated. A reduction in the number of platelets (from the normal range) is known as thrombocytopenia. 10. Which leucocytes secrete heparin, histamine and Serotonin? (a) Acidophils (b) Monocytes (c) Basophils (d) Neutrophils Ans. (c) Sol. Basophils are responsible for inflammatory responses due to which they release serotonin and histamine. Basophils also release heparin which prevents the clotting of blood. 11. Which of the following cells does not exhibit phagocytic activity? (Exemplar) (a) Monocyte (b) Neutrophil (c) Basophil (d) Macrophage Ans. (c) Sol. Basophils have less number of coarse granules. They release heparin, serotonin and histamine. They are probably like mast cells of connective tissue and are not phagocytic in nature. Macrophages are cells produced by the differentiation of monocytes in the tissues and are phagocytic in nature. Monocytes are the largest of all types of leucocytes. They are motile and phagocytic in nature and engulf bacteria and cellular debris. Neutrophils leave fine granules. Neutrophils are the most numerous of all leucocytes. They eat harmful germs and are, therefore, phagocytic in nature. 12. Which one of the following types of cells lack nucleus in humans? (Exemplar) (a) Mature erythrocytes (b) Neutrophils (c) Eosinophils (d) Monocytes Ans. (a) Sol. Mature mammalian RBCs (or erythrocytes) do not have nucleus and some cell organelles. This increases the surface area of RBCs and enables them to contain more haemoglobin which is required for transport of gases. 13. Which one of the following blood cells is involved in antibody production? (Exemplar) (a) B–Lymphocytes (b) T–Lymphocytes (c) RBC (d) Neutrophils Ans. (a) Sol. Lymph nodes produce both B-cells and T-cells, B-cells change to plasma cells that produce antibodies against invading antigens. 14. The cells involved in inflammatory reactions are (Exemplar)
32 BODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION (a) Basophils (b) Neutrophils (c) Eosinophils (d) Lymphocytes Ans. (a) Sol. The blood cells are of three major types they are erythrocytes (RBC), leucocytes (WBC) and platelets. Two main categories of WBCs are granulocytes and agranulocytes. Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are different types of granulocytes, while lymphocytes and monocytes are the agranulocytes. When basophils are encountered with allergen they release histamine which causes increased blood flow to damaged tissues, resulting in swelling and inflammation. Hence blood cells involved in inflammatory reactions are basophils. 15. One of the common symptoms observed in people infected with Dengue fever is (Exemplar) (a) Significant decrease in RBC count (b) Significant decrease in WBC count (c) Significant decrease in platelets count (d) Significant increase in platelets count Ans. (c) Sol. Thrombocytopenia i.e., decrease in platelet count is are of the common symptoms observed in people infected with dengue fever. 16. Match the columns I and II and choose the correct combination from the options given. Column I Column II a. Erythrocytes i. 5-5.5 millions mm-3 b. Leucocytes ii. 6000-8000mm-3 c. Platelets iii. 1,50,000-3,50,000 mm-3 (a) a-i, b-ii, c-iii (b) a-ii, b-i, c-iii (c) a-iii, b-ii, c-i (d) a-i, b-iii, c-ii Ans. (a) Sol. The total number of erythrocytes in an adult human can range from 5 million to 6 million per mm-3 . Leucocyte count in the body is approximately 6000-8000 mm-3and platelets are in the range of 1,50,000 to 3,50,000 mm-3 . The number of these cells in the blood varies (increases or decreases) from their normal range during most of the diseases. 17. A mature human erythrocyte has the typical characteristics of (a) An eukaryotic cells (b) A prokaryotic cell (c) Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell (d) Neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic cell Ans. (d) Sol. Human erythrocyte has a nucleus before maturation, which is a characteristic of a eukaryotic cell, but after maturation, the RBCs of humans are devoid of the nucleus. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus and are unicellular, erythrocytes are present only in multicellular organisms. Therefore, they have properties of neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic cells. 18. The correct descending order of percentage proportion of leucocytes in human blood is (a) Neutrophils → Basophils → Lymphocytes → Acidophils → monocyte (b) Neutrophils → Monocytes → Lymphocytes → Acidophils → Basophils (c) Neutrophils → Lymphocytes → Monocytes → Acidophils → Basophils (d) Neutrophils → Acidophils → Basophils → Lymphocytes → Monocytes Ans. (c) Sol. The leucocytes in the human blood consist of 60-65 % of neutrophils, 20-25 % of lymphocytes, 6-8 % of monocytes, 2-4 % of acidophils, and less than 1 % of basophils in the blood. 19. Which one of the following statements about blood constituents and transport of respiratory gases is most accurate? (a) RBCs transport oxygen whereas WBCs transport CO2 (b) RBCs transport oxygen whereas plasma transports only CO2 (c) RBCs as well as WBCs transport both oxygen and CO2 (d) RBCs as well as plasma transport both oxygen and CO2 Ans. (d)
33 BODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION Sol. Red blood cells as well as plasma in the blood transport oxygen and carbon dioxide in and out of the lungs. RBCs carry oxygen into the lungs and carbon dioxide out of the lungs with the help of heamoglobin. Plasma transports dissolved carbon dioxide and dissolved oxygen 20. One of the factors required for maturation of erythrocytes is (a) Vitamin D (b) Vitamin A (c) Vitamin C (d) Vitamin B12 Ans. (d) Sol. One of the factors required for maturation of erythrocytes is vitamin B12. Erythroblasts (the cells which form erythrocytes) require folate and vitamin B12 for proliferation during their differentiation. 21. Identify the following type of blood cells and mark the correct option. A B C D E (a) Monocyte Eosinophil Neutrophil Basophil Blood platelets (b) Monocyte Basophil Neutrophil Blood platelets Eosinophil (c) Basophil Blood platelets Monocyte Eosinophil Neutrophil (d) Basophil Blood platelets Eosinophil Neutrophil Monocyte Ans. (c) Sol. 22. Which organ is considered as “Graveyard of RBC” where most of them are dstroyed by macrophages (a) Red bone marrow (b) Spleen (c) Kidney (d) Intestine Ans. (b) Sol. Spleen is known as the graveyard of RBCs. RBCs have a fixed life span of about 120 days and after this the RBCs are discarded in the spleen. 23. Assertion : RBCs are devoid of nucleus in most of the mammals. Reason : Entire cytoplasm of RBCs is filled with red coloured, iron containing complex protein called haemoglobin. (a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. (b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. (c) If assertion is true but reason is false. (d) If both assertion and reason are false. Ans. (b) Sol. Matured mammalian RBCs do not have cell organelles including nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, centrioles and endoplasmic reticulum. It increases the surface area of RBCs and enables them