Title Kĩ năng lâm sàng nhi khoa căn bản song ngữ.pdf ✅

SONG NGỮ Kĩ năng Lâm sàng Nhi khoa Căn bản Hướng dẫn Khai thác Bệnh sử và Thăm khám Lâm sàng Anwar Qais Saadoon LƯU HÀNH NỘI BỘ
Contents Part I History-Taking Skills and Symptomatology 1 Basics of History Taking ................................................................................3 1.1 Introduction .............................................................................................3 1.2 Identity (Patient Demographics)..............................................................6 1.3 Chief Complaint(s) (Presenting Complaint)............................................7 1.4 History of Present Illness (History of Presenting Complaint).................8 1.5 Past History .............................................................................................8 1.5.1 Birth History................................................................................8 1.5.2 Past Medical and Surgical History ............................................10 1.6 Medication History................................................................................11 1.7 Developmental History..........................................................................12 1.8 Immunization History............................................................................16 1.9 Feeding/Dietary History ........................................................................16 1.9.1 For an Infant ..............................................................................17 1.9.2 For Older Children ....................................................................20 1.10 Family History.......................................................................................20 1.11 Social History ........................................................................................22 1.12 Review of Systems (ROS).....................................................................22 References ......................................................................................................23 2 History Taking of Common Pediatric Cases..............................................27 2.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................28 2.2 Dyspnea .................................................................................................28 2.3 Cyanosis ................................................................................................30 2.4 Cough ....................................................................................................32 2.5 Wheezing...............................................................................................34 2.6 Stridor....................................................................................................37 2.7 Chest Pain..............................................................................................40 2.8 Syncope .................................................................................................43 2.9 Sore Throat ............................................................................................44 2.10 Ear Pain .................................................................................................46 2.11 Abdominal Pain .....................................................................................48 2.12 Vomiting................................................................................................50 xxv
Nội dung Phần I Kĩ năng khai thác bệnh sử và Triệu chứng học 1 Điều căn bản trong khai thác bệnh sử..........................................................3 1.1 Giới thiệu.................................................................................................3 1.2 Danh tính (Nhân khẩu học của bệnh nhân [phần hành chính])...............6 1.3 Phàn nàn chính (Vấn đề đang hiện hữu)..................................................7 1.4 Bệnh sử bệnh hiện tại (Bệnh sử của vấn đề đang hiện hữu)....................8 1.5 Tiền sử .....................................................................................................8 1.5.1 Tiền sử sanh.................................................................................8 1.5.2 Tiền sử nội và ngoại khoa .........................................................10 1.6 Lịch sử dùng thuốc ................................................................................11 1.7 Lịch sử phát triển...................................................................................12 1.8 Lịch sử chủng ngừa ...............................................................................16 1.9 Lịch sử cho bú/chế độ ăn.......................................................................16 1.9.1 Trẻ nhũ nhi ................................................................................17 1.9.2 Trẻ lớn .......................................................................................20 1.10 Lịch sử gia đình .....................................................................................20 1.11 Lịch sử xã hội ........................................................................................22 1.12 Xem xét hệ cơ quan (ROS)....................................................................22 Tham khảo ......................................................................................................23 2 Khai thác bệnh sử của một sống trường hợp nhi khoa thường gặp ........27 2.1 Giới thiệu...............................................................................................28 2.2 Khó thở..................................................................................................28 2.3 Tím ........................................................................................................30 2.4 Ho ..........................................................................................................32 2.5 Thở khò khè...........................................................................................34 2.6 Thở rít....................................................................................................37 2.7 Đau ngực................................................................................................40 2.8 Ngất .......................................................................................................43 2.9 Đau họng ...............................................................................................44 2.10 Đau tai ...................................................................................................46 2.11 Đau bụng ...............................................................................................48 2.12 Nôn ........................................................................................................50
xxvi Contents 2.13 Acute Diarrhea.......................................................................................52 2.14 Chronic Diarrhea ...................................................................................54 2.15 Constipation...........................................................................................57 2.16 Upper-Gastrointestinal Bleeding ...........................................................59 2.17 Lower-Gastrointestinal Bleeding...........................................................61 2.18 Jaundice .................................................................................................63 2.19 Hematuria ..............................................................................................65 2.20 Edema ....................................................................................................67 2.21 Polyuria and Urinary Frequency............................................................68 2.22 Diabetic Ketoacidosis............................................................................70 2.23 Failure to Thrive ....................................................................................72 2.24 Headache ...............................................................................................74 2.25 Seizure ...................................................................................................77 2.26 Lower-Limb Weakness..........................................................................81 2.27 Coma and Confusion .............................................................................85 2.28 Skin Rash...............................................................................................86 2.29 Fever......................................................................................................90 2.30 Pallor......................................................................................................92 2.31 Bleeding and Bruising ...........................................................................93 2.32 Joint Pain ...............................................................................................95 References ......................................................................................................99 Part II Examination of the Newborn and Older Child 3 Examination of the Newborn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 3.2 Initial Brief Examination After Birth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 3.2.1 Apgar Score . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 3.3 Routine Examination of the Newborn Infant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 3.3.1 General Observation and Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 3.3.2 Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 3.3.3 Head and Face . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 3.3.4 Neck. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 3.3.5 Arms and Hands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 3.3.6 Chest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 3.3.7 Heart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 3.3.8 Abdomen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 3.3.9 Genitalia and Anus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 3.3.10 Legs and Feet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 3.3.11 Neurologic Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 3.3.12 Spine and Sacrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 3.3.13 Hips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 3.3.14 Completing the Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128