Title 13 Soil Properties.pdf ✅

Geotech 01: Soil Properties 1. Weight-Volume Relationships Total Volume of a given soil sample: V = V௦ + V௩ Where: V௦ = volume of soil solids V௩ = volume of voids (water + air) Total Weight of the Sample: W = W௦ + W௪ Where: W௦ = weight of soil solids W௪ = weight of water Void Ratio (e) - Ratio of the volume of voids to the volume of solids e = V௩ V௦ Porosity (n) - Ratio of the volume of voids to the total volume. n = V௩ V Degree of Saturation (S) - Ratio of the volume of water to the volume of voids S = V௪ V௩ Relationship between Void Ratio and Porosity [Derivation] e = V௩ V௦ = V௩ V − V௩ = V௩ V 1 − V௩ V = n 1 − n e(1 − n) = n
n = e 1 + e Moisture Content (ω) - Also referred to as water content - Ratio of the weight of water to the weight of solids ω = W௪ W௦ Unit Weight (γ) - Weight of soil per unit volume γ = W V Dry Unit Weight (γd) - Weight per unit volume of soil, excluding water γௗ = W௦ V = γ 1 + ω Density (ρ) - Mass of soil per unit volume ρ = M V Dry Density (ρd) - Mass of soil per unit volume, excluding water ρௗ = M௦ V 2. Relationships among Unit Weight, Void Ratio, Moisture Content, and Specific Gravity Weight of Soil Solids W௦ = G௦γ௪ Where: G௦ = specific gravity γ௪ = unit weight of water Weight of Water W௪ = ωW௦ = ωG௦γ௪ Unit Weight

Given Relationship G௦ , ω௦௔௧ ൬ 1 + ω௦௔௧ 1 + ωG௦ ൰G௦γ௪ e, ω௦௔௧ ൬ e ω௦௔௧ ൰ ൬ 1 + ω௦௔௧ 1 + e ൰ γ௪ n, ω௦௔௧ n ൬ 1 + ω௦௔௧ ω௦௔௧ ൰ γ௪ γௗ, e γௗ + ቀ e 1 + e ቁ γ௪ γௗ, n γௗ + nγ௪ γௗ, S ൬1 − 1 G௦ ൰ γௗ + γ௪ γௗ, ω௦௔௧ γௗ(1 + ω௦௔௧) 4. Relative Density - Used to indicate the in-situ denseness or looseness of granular soil. D௥ = e௠௔௫ − e e௠௔௫ − e௠௜௡ Qualitative Description of Granular Soil Deposits Relative Density (%) Description of Soil Deposit 0-15 Very Loose 15-50 Loose 50-70 Medium 70-85 Dense 85-100 Very Dense